Chapter 21, Problem 21.14QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Less stable isotope from the list has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron proton ratio (n/p) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases n/p becomes greater than 1.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

• If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.
• If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.
• All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Less stable isotope from the list has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron proton ratio (n/p) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases n/p becomes greater than 1.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

• If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.
• If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.
• All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Less stable isotope from the list has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron proton ratio (n/p) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases n/p becomes greater than 1.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

• If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.
• If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.
• All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.