
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The different regions of the Earth’satmosphere are to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Earth’s atmosphere has many layers, which are easily identified by calculating the temperature change of the atmosphere with a change in altitude.

Answer to Problem 1QP
Solution: There are four layers in the Earth’s atmosphere. The troposphere is the closest to Earth’s surface. Above the troposphere, there is stratosphere and above the stratosphere, there is mesosphere. Thermosphere is the uppermost layer.
Explanation of Solution
The troposphere is the layer of atmosphere closest to Earth’s surface. The troposphere is the thinnest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. It includes about 80% of the total mass of air and all the water vapor of the atmosphere. The temperature decreases with increase in altitude of this region, and the air is well mixed in this region. Above the troposphere, a new region begins called stratosphere, which mainly contains ozone, oxygen, and nitrogen.
In this stratosphere, temperature increases with an increase in altitude and a slower mixing of airoccurs. Above the stratosphere, there is the mesosphere. In this, the concentration of gases and ozone is very low. The temperature decreases with increase in altitude of this region. The uppermost layer of the atmosphere is the thermosphere or ionosphere. As nitrogen, molecular oxygen, and energetic particles like protons and electronscollidewith the sun, it resultsin an increase in the temperature of this region.
The four regions of Earth’s atmosphere are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY
- Draw the starting material that would be needed to make this product through an intramolecular Dieckmann reactionarrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Nitropropane reacts + pent-3-en-2-one reacts with NaOCH2CH3, CH3CHOHarrow_forwardIndicate whether the product formed in the reaction exhibits tautomerism. If so, draw the structure of the tautomers. OC2H5 + CoHs-NH-NH,arrow_forward
- Explain how substitutions at the 5-position of barbituric acid increase the compound's lipophilicity.arrow_forwardExplain how substitutions at the 5-position of phenobarbital increase the compound's lipophilicity.arrow_forwardName an interesting derivative of barbituric acid, describing its structure.arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the synthesis mechanism of barbituric acid from the condensation of urea with a β-diketone.arrow_forwardGiven the hydrazones indicated, draw the structures of the enamines that can be formed. Indicate the most stable enamine (explain). C6H5 C6H5 H C6H5 Harrow_forward4. Propose a Synthesis for the molecule below. You may use any starting materials containing 6 carbons or less (reagents that aren't incorporated into the final molecule such as PhзP do not count towards this total, and the starting material can have whatever non-carbon functional groups you want), and any of the reactions you have learned so far in organic chemistry I, II, and III. Your final answer should show each step separately, with intermediates and conditions clearly drawn.arrow_forward
- Indicate the importance of the indole ring. Find a representative example and list 5 structures.arrow_forwardΌΗ 1) V2 CO 3 or Nalt In منهarrow_forward6. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2 HBr (g) → H2(g) + Br2(g) Can be expressed by the empirical formula 11790 K In K-6.375 + 0.6415 In(T K-¹) - T Use this formula to determine A,H as a function of temperature. Calculate A,-H at 25 °C and at 100 °C.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning




