EBK CHEMISTRY
4th Edition
ISBN: 8220102797864
Author: Burdge
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 21, Problem 60AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The drawback of the statement “spraying the stratosphere with hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane should eliminate
Concept introduction:
Global warming is the phenomena in which daily rise in the average temperature takes place near the surface of the earth, and has been going on over the past 50 years.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which oxidant initiates most of the
oxidation in the
troposphere?
O hydroxyl radical (OH)
O hydroxide ion (OH-)
O oxygen (02)
O ozone (03)
Chapter #6, Question #5:
Suggest a possible sequence of reactions (beginning with oxidation via the hydroxyl radical) by which dimethyl sulfide ((CH3)2S) can be oxidized to produce a sulfuric acid aerosol.
FALBERTA
It is estimated that the total amount of oxygen (O2) contained in BIFS is equivalent to 6.6% of the oxygen present in the modern atmosphere.
This is quite impressive given that the atmosphere during Archaean and early Proterozoic times was largely devoid of oxygen! Therefore, this
reflects the photosynthetic efficiency of the early biosphere, coupled with its operation over long periods of time. Knowing that the mass of
the modern atmosphere is 5.01×1018 kg, of which 21% is oxygen, what is the mass (in kilograms) of oxygen contained within BIFS?
6.9
x 1016 kg of O2 contained in BIF deposits
Knowing that the molecular mass of O2 is 32 g/mole (0.032 kg/mole), how many moles of O2 are contained within BIFS?
2.17
x 1018 moles of O2 contained in BIF deposits
Now, let us think about iron (Fe). The total mass of BIF's globally is estimated at 5.0x1017 kg, wherein iron accounts for approximately 35% by
mass. The atomic mass of iron is 55.8 g/mole (0.0558 kg/mole). What is the total…
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY
Ch. 21.1 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Calculate the wavelength...Ch. 21.1 - Practice Problem BUILD Which of the following...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1CPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2CPCh. 21.2 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT which of the following is...Ch. 21.2 - Practice Problem BUILD Both O 2 and O 3 exhibit...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.2 - 21.2.1 What maximum wavelength (in nm) of fight is...Ch. 21.2 - What process gives rise to the aurora borealis and...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PPACh. 21.3 - Practice Problem BUILD How long will it take for...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 21.8 - Prob. 1CPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 2CPCh. 21 - Prob. 1QPCh. 21 - Prob. 2QPCh. 21 - Prob. 3QPCh. 21 - Prob. 4QPCh. 21 - Referring to Table 21.1, calculate the mole...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QPCh. 21 - Prob. 7QPCh. 21 - Calculate the mass (in kg) of nitrogen, oxygen,...Ch. 21 - 21.9 What process gives rise to the aurora...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10QPCh. 21 - The highly reactive OH radical (a species with an...Ch. 21 - The green color observed in the aurora borealis is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13QPCh. 21 - Prob. 14QPCh. 21 - Prob. 15QPCh. 21 - Prob. 16QPCh. 21 - What causes the polar ozone holes?Ch. 21 - How do volcanic eruptions contribute to ozone...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19QPCh. 21 - Discuss the effectiveness of some of the CFC...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21QPCh. 21 - Prob. 22QPCh. 21 - Prob. 23QPCh. 21 - Prob. 24QPCh. 21 - Prob. 25QPCh. 21 - Prob. 26QPCh. 21 - Prob. 27QPCh. 21 - Prob. 28QPCh. 21 - Prob. 29QPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QPCh. 21 - Describe three human activities that generate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QPCh. 21 - Prob. 35QPCh. 21 - Prob. 36QPCh. 21 - What effects do CFCs and their substitutes have on...Ch. 21 - Why are CFCs more effective greenhouse gases than...Ch. 21 - Prob. 39QPCh. 21 - Calcium oxide or quicklime ( CaO ) is used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41QPCh. 21 - 21.42 List three detrimental effects of acid...Ch. 21 - 21.43 Briefly discuss two industrial processes...Ch. 21 - Discuss ways to curb acid rain.Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QPCh. 21 - Prob. 47QPCh. 21 - Identify the gas that is responsible for the brown...Ch. 21 - 21.49 The safety limits of ozone and carbon...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QPCh. 21 - 21.52 The gas-phase decomposition of peroxyacetyl...Ch. 21 - 21.53 On a smoggy day in a certain city. the ozone...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QPCh. 21 - What is the best way to deal with indoor...Ch. 21 - Why is it dangerous to idle a car's engine in a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 57QPCh. 21 - Prob. 58QPCh. 21 - Prob. 59QPCh. 21 - Prob. 60APCh. 21 - Prob. 61APCh. 21 - Prob. 62APCh. 21 - Prob. 63APCh. 21 - Prob. 64APCh. 21 - 21.65 How are past temperatures determined from...Ch. 21 - The balance between SO 2 and SO 3 is important in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 67APCh. 21 - 21.68 A glass of water initially at pH 7.0 is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 69APCh. 21 - 21.70 Instead of monitoring carbon dioxide,...Ch. 21 - Describe the removal of SO 2 by CaO (to form CaSO...Ch. 21 - 21.72 Which of the following settings is the most...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73APCh. 21 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) undergoes thermal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 75APCh. 21 - Prob. 76APCh. 21 - 21.77 The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere...Ch. 21 - Prob. 78APCh. 21 - Prob. 79APCh. 21 - 21.80 A person was found dead of carbon monoxide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 81APCh. 21 - Prob. 82APCh. 21 - The molar heat capacity of a diatomic molecule is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 84APCh. 21 - Prob. 85APCh. 21 - Prob. 86APCh. 21 - Prob. 1SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 2SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 21 - Prob. 4SEPP
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- What is the biological importance of stratospheric ozone? Explain.arrow_forwardUsing bond energies, explain the reaction sequence of ozone destroying capability in the stratosphere of hydrocarbons contain the halogens Br>Cl>F.arrow_forwardIdentify and analyze the way fossil fuel combustion has changed the composition of Earth's atmosphere, and the way this change has affected climate.arrow_forward
- In the stratosphere, hydroxyl radical (OH) is produced and consumed by the following reactions: k1O* + H2O –––> 2OH k2OH + CH4 –––––––> H2O + CH3 k2-bottom = 7.9 x 10-16 cm3 molec-1 s-1 at the b k2-top = 4.6 x 10-15 cm3 molec-1 s-1a.(3) Based on the rate laws for these reactions, write an equation for the steady-state concentration of hydroxyl radical in the stratosphere.arrow_forwardOzone in the troposphere is formed by the following steps: NO2 → NO + O (1) 0 + 02 → 03 (2) The first step is initiated by the absorption of visible light (NO, is a brown gas). Calculate the longest wavelength required for step 1 at 25°C. nmarrow_forwardBe sure to answer all parts. Nitric oxide occurs in the tropospheric nitrogen cycle, but it destroys ozone in the stratosphere. (a) Write equations for its reaction with ozone and for the reverse reaction. Include the physical states of the reactants and products. Forward reaction: Reverse reaction: (b) Given that the forward and reverse steps are first order in each component, write general rate laws for them. Let kç be the rate constant of the forward reaction and k. the rate constant of the reverse reaction. Forward rate law: Rate= kf Reverse rate law: Rate, = k, (c) Calculate AG for the forward reaction at 280. K, the average temperature in the stratosphere. (Assume that the AH and S values do not change with temperature.) kJarrow_forward
- Please don't provice handwritten solution ....arrow_forwardExplain the chemistry of the 2020 Beirut explosion.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding atomic Br and Cl is FALSE? O Atomic Br is more efficient at catalytically destroying ozone than atomic Cl in the stratosphere due to a relatively higher proportion of the Br atoms being in a catalytically active form at any given time.arrow_forward
- A group of students enrolled in a Physical Chemistry Laboratory class performed an experiment on the THE STUDY OF AN ADSORPTION ISOTHERM: ACETIC ACID SOLUTIONS ON ACTIVATEDCARBON. The data gathered by the group are documented in the tables below. Solve for the unknown data. answer 4,5,6arrow_forwardQuestion 6 Examine the graph below, which shows global emissions of ozone-depleting sub- stances from 1961 to 2014. Global Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances 1.4 million 1.2 million 1 million 800,000 600,000 400,000 Total emissions 200,000 Natural emissions 1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2014 Years Source: Hegglin, M.L Fahey, D. W. McFarland, M. Montzka, S. A, & Nash, E. R. (2014) World Meteorological Organization, Emission (tonnes)arrow_forwardPhotochemical smog occurs in warm, dry and sunny climate. One of the following is not amongst the components of photochemical smog, identify it. NO 2 B c) Unsaturated hydrocarbon sO 2.arrow_forward
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