Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The structure of o-ethyltoluene needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : In a benzene compound, the position of substituents with respect to a
The structure of toluene is,
(b)
Interpretation: The structure of p -di- tert -butylbenzene needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : In a benzene compound, the position of substituents with respect to a functional group (R) can be expressed in three ways, ortho, metal and para.
(c)
Interpretation: The structure of m -diethylbenzene needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : In a benzene compound, the position of substituents with respect to a functional group (R) can be expressed in three ways, ortho, metal and para.
(d)
Interpretation: The structure of 1-phenyl-2-butene needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: To draw structure of compound from the IUPAC name, observe the prefix, name of parent chain and then suffix. Suffix indicates the functional group present in the compound and prefix indicates the substituent present in the compound.

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Chapter 21 Solutions
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- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
- Assign R or S to all the chiral centers in each compound drawn below porat bg 9 Br Brarrow_forwarddescrive the energy levels of an atom and howan electron moces between themarrow_forwardRank each set of substituents using the Cahn-Ingold-Perlog sequence rules (priority) by numbering the highest priority substituent 1.arrow_forward
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