
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The complete balanced equation has to be written for the given reaction.
Concept introduction: Main group elements are categorized as s-block and p-block elements. The s-block elements include metals belonging to group
Ionic compounds are formed by the loss of electrons from the metal which is gained by the nonmetals. The metal gets positively charge and the non-metal attains a negative charge thus forming cations and anions respectively. They do so to attain a noble gas configuration or to attain stability.
Here, by losing electrons metal M achieve the noble gas configuration. These electrons are gained by the non-metals X as shown below.
The metals of group
The compounds of non-metals with oxides and hydrides are covalent compounds. This is because non-metals are less electropositive and the difference in electronegativity between two elements is less than
(a)

Answer to Problem 14PS
The complete balanced equation for the reaction of potassium and iodine is:
Explanation of Solution
Potassium belongs to group
This electron is gained by iodine to form an anion with one negative charge. Iodine belongs to halogen family and it has the oxidation number of
The number of electrons in both the equations is same. Thus an ionic compound is formed in which potassium has
The stoichiometric coefficients are multiplied with species to have an equal number of atoms on both the reactant and product side, for a balanced chemical equation Since iodine is present as
Thus, the overall balanced equation is:
(b)
Interpretation: The complete balanced equation has to be written for the given reaction.
Concept introduction: Main group elements are categorized as s-block and p-block elements. The s-block elements include metals belonging to group
Ionic compounds are formed by the loss of electrons from the metal which is gained by the nonmetals. The metal gets positively charge and the non-metal attains a negative charge thus forming cations and anions respectively. They do so to attain a noble gas configuration or to attain stability.
Here, by losing electrons metal M achieve the noble gas configuration. These electrons are gained by the non-metals X as shown below.
The metals of group
The compounds of non-metals with oxides and hydrides are covalent compounds. This is because non-metals are less electropositive and the difference in electronegativity between two elements is less than
(b)

Answer to Problem 14PS
The complete balanced equation for the reaction of barium and oxygen is:
Explanation of Solution
Barium belongs to group
These two electrons are gained by the oxygen leading to the formation of an ionic compound. Oxygen belongs to the sulfur family and exists in -2 oxidation number.
The number of electrons in both the equations is same. Barium has a charge of
The stoichiometric coefficients are multiplied with species to have an equal number of atoms on both the reactant and product side, for a balanced chemical equation. Since oxygen is present as
Thus, the overall balanced equation is:
(c)
Interpretation: The complete balanced equation has to be written for the given reaction.
Concept introduction: Main group elements are categorized as s-block and p-block elements. The s-block elements include metals belonging to group
Ionic compounds are formed by the loss of electrons from the metal which is gained by the nonmetals. The metal gets positively charge and the non-metal attains a negative charge thus forming cations and anions respectively. They do so to attain a noble gas configuration or to attain stability.
Here, by losing electrons metal M achieve the noble gas configuration. These electrons are gained by the non-metals X as shown below.
The metals of group
The compounds of non-metals with oxides and hydrides are covalent compounds. This is because non-metals are less electropositive and the difference in electronegativity between two elements is less than
(c)

Answer to Problem 14PS
The complete balanced equation for the reaction of aluminium with sulfur is:
Explanation of Solution
Aluminium belongs to group
Sulphur belongs to oxygen family and exists in -2 oxidation number. These two electrons are gained by the sulphur leading to the formation of a product compound.
The numbers of electrons are not same in both the equations. Aluminium bear charge and sulfur bears
The
Thus, the overall balanced equation is:
(d)
Interpretation: The complete balanced equation has to be written for the given reaction.
Concept introduction: Main group elements are categorized as s-block and p-block elements. The s-block elements include metals belonging to group
Ionic compounds are formed by the loss of electrons from the metal which is gained by the nonmetals. The metal gets positively charge and the non-metal attains a negative charge thus forming cations and anions respectively. They do so to attain a noble gas configuration or to attain stability.
Here, by losing electrons metal M achieve the noble gas configuration. These electrons are gained by the non-metals X as shown below.
The metals of group
The compounds of non-metals with oxides and hydrides are covalent compounds. This is because non-metals are less electropositive and the difference in electronegativity between two elements is less than
(d)

Answer to Problem 14PS
The complete balanced equation for the reaction of silicon with chlorine is:
Explanation of Solution
Silicon belongs to group
The electronegativity difference between silicon and chlorine is less than
The stoichiometric coefficients are multiplied with species to have equal number of atoms on both the reactant and product side, for a balanced chemical equation. Since chlorine is present as
Thus, the overall balanced equation is:
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Chapter 21 Solutions
CHEMISTRY+CHEM...HYBRID ED.(LL)>CUSTOM<
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- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the intermediate and the product in this reaction or mechanistic step(s).arrow_forwardLook at the following pairs of structures carefully to identify them as representing a) completely different compounds, b) compounds that are structural isomers of each other, c) compounds that are geometric isomers of each other, d) conformers of the same compound (part of structure rotated around a single bond) or e) the same structure.arrow_forwardGiven 10.0 g of NaOH, what volume of a 0.100 M solution of H2SO4 would be required to exactly react all the NaOH?arrow_forward
- 3.50 g of Li are combined with 3.50 g of N2. What is the maximum mass of Li3N that can be produced? 6 Li + N2 ---> 2 Li3Narrow_forward3.50 g of Li are combined with 3.50 g of N2. What is the maximum mass of Li3N that can be produced? 6 Li + N2 ---> 2 Li3Narrow_forwardConcentration Trial1 Concentration of iodide solution (mA) 255.8 Concentration of thiosulfate solution (mM) 47.0 Concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution (mM) 110.1 Temperature of iodide solution ('C) 25.0 Volume of iodide solution (1) used (mL) 10.0 Volume of thiosulfate solution (5:03) used (mL) Volume of DI water used (mL) Volume of hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) used (mL) 1.0 2.5 7.5 Time (s) 16.9 Dark blue Observations Initial concentration of iodide in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of thiosulfate in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in reaction (mA) Initial Rate (mA's)arrow_forward
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