The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified. Concept introduction: Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses). Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an − O H group is replaced with an amino group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

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Fura-2 Fluorescence (Arbitrary Unit) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 [Ca2+]=2970nM, 25°C [Ca2+] 2970nM, 4°C [Ca2+]=0.9nM, 25°C [Ca2+] = 0.9nM, 4°C 0 260 280 300 340 360 380 400 420 440 Wavelength (nm) ← < The figure on the LHS shows the excitation spectra of Fura-2 (Em = 510 nm) in 2 solutions with two different Ca2+ ion concentration as indicated. Except for temperature, the setting for excitation & signal acquisition was identical.< ப a) The unit in Y-axis is arbitrary (unspecified). Why? < < b) Compare & contrast the excitation wavelength of the Isosbestic Point of Fura-2 at 25 °C & 4 °C. Give a possible reason for the discrepancy. < c) The fluorescence intensity at 25 °C & 4 °C are different. Explain why with the concept of electronic configuration. <

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 6

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 7

Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.10KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino sugar rings in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The unmodified sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-sugar ring in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates (sugars) are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, having a hydrocarbon chain that carries alcohol functional groups on all but one carbon. The remaining carbon may carry an aldehyde group (in the case of an aldose) or a ketone group (in the case of ketoses).

Amino sugars are carbohydrate derivatives in which an −OH group is replaced with an amino group.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 20.1 - Classify the following monosaccharides as an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20.3 - D-Talose, a constituent of certain antibiotics,...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20.3 - Draw the structure that completes the mutarotation...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.10KCP Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.11P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the amino sugar rings in the given structure have to be identified — they are naturally-occurring polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.

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