Concept explainers
WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have similar appearances but very divergent gene sequences, while species B and C have very different appearances but similar gene sequences. Which pair of species is more likely to be closely related: A and B. or B and C? Explain.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
- WHAT IF? Suppose gene A is orthologous in species 1and species 2, and gene B is paralogous to gene A inspecies 1. Suggest a sequence of two evolutionary eventsthat could result in the following: Gene A differs considerably between species, yet gene A and gene B show littledivergence from each other.arrow_forwardImagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem) Use the genetic data to estimate that date (most recent common ancestor). What assumptions are you making to get this estimate?arrow_forwardImagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem) Use the genetic data to estimate that date (most recent common ancestor). HINT = use Eqn 7.1, several times- first to estimate mutation rate. Then to estimate the unknown time since divergencearrow_forward
- Asian tiger mosquito Trace its origin and evolutionary history or changes in the species. Describe its structures and their functions. What is the importance of this species to our environment? Give trivia about this species. Does this organism produce oxygen? Explain. What are the ancestral species of your chosen organism? Has this species been genetically engineered? If yes, in what way? How does this species reproduce? What organisms have similar structures to this species? Do these structures have the same function? Does the species have tissues, organs, and/or organ systems? What is its role in the flow of energy? Give at 15 least a sentence to each question.arrow_forwardThree living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, asdo extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of speciesT, X, Y, and Z (but not U or V) makes up(A) a monophyletic taxon.(B) an ingroup, with species U as the outgroup.(C) a paraphyletic group.(D) a polyphyletic group.arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how natural selection could increase the resemblance of a harmlessspecies to a distantly related harmful species. In addition to selection, what else could account for a harmlessspecies resembling a closely related harmful species? (See Concept 22.2.)arrow_forward
- VISUALIZE Use two different colors to depict the unduplicated chromosomes of species C with larger chromosomes (2n = 8) and species D with slightly smaller chromosomes (2n = 10), and of their F1 hybrid. Is the hybrid likely to be fertile?arrow_forwardNeed help what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is possible for gorillas and humans to share a genetic trait (such as a retroviral insertion) that chimpanzees do not share, if chimpanzees and humans are really each other's closest relatives. Given the lack of agreement between gene trees and species trees, how is it possible to reconstruct the true species tree?arrow_forwardSuppose we are sure, because of previous studies, that species 1, 2, and 3 are more closely related to each other than to species 4 (outgroup). We sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species. Draw the most parsimonious tree and label each evolutionary change on the tree (Position – new nucleotide; Example = 8T or 6C). *The answer is below but I do not understand where the numbers or tick marks came from? Could someone explain. For example, why is the 1A on the 2?arrow_forward
- 3. The table below lists four characteristics of the shrimp, silverfish, dragonfly, beetle, and butterfly. For each animal, (+) indicates that the character is present and (-) indicates the character is absent. Character Shrimp Silverfish Dragonfly Beetle Butterfly (В) (OG) (A) (C) (D) 3-pairs legs Wings Pupa Sucking mouthparts - + + + + A) Evaluate the three phylogenetic trees below by mapping the four characters onto each tree. Be sure to use the labels indicated by the key. Tree I Tree II Tree II OG OG OG A A В B A В W: wings (-)→ (+) W: wings L: 3 pairs legs (-)→(+) (+)→(-) Р: pupa (-)—> (+) SM: sucking mouthparts (-)→ (+)arrow_forwardSwordtails, platyfish and Poecilia species are incapable of interbreeding with each other but swordtail species 1 can produce viable hybrids with swordtail species 2. In addition, both Poecilla fish, platyfish, and swordtails can all be distinguished genetically, but swortail species 1 and 2 cannot be genetically distinguished. Using this information indicate how many distinct 1) Biological, 2) morphological, and 3) phylogenetic species would be found in this group of fish. If you cannot determine this for any of the 3 species categories, state what you would need to know in order to do so. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BIUAv er Tv: 1. There are four 2.arrow_forwardSuppose the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were preferred over other species concepts, such as the BSC. What would be the implications for (a) discourse on the evolutionary mechanisms of speciation; (b) studies of species diversity in ecological communities; (c) estimates of species diversity on a worldwide basis; and (d) conservation practices under such legal frameworks as the U.S. Endangered Species Act?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning