Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433776
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Phylogenetic tree a branching diagram that shows conclude evolutionary relationships among various species. Their phylogeny based upon similarities and differences in their characteristics which can be genetically or physically. Branch lengths in phylogenetic tree are proportional the amount of evolutionary change.
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The challenge in using sequence data to estimate the evolutionary tree for all living things is to find a gene that shows recognizable sequence similarities even between highly distantly related species . Which of the following should NOT be among the features of this gene?
A. The gene subject to strong diversifying selection.
B. It is present in all organisms.
C. It encodes a product whose function is essential.
D. The function of the gene must have remained the same in all organisms.
DNA sequence data suggest that modern humans last shared a common ancestor with Old World monkeys about 25 million years ago. In contrast, humans last shared a common ancestor with New World monkeys about 40 million years ago. What could be concluded about evolutionary relationships among these groups?
A. Humans are more closely related to Old World monkeys than to New World monkeys.
B. Old World monkeys are more closely related to humans than to New World monkeys.
C. Both A and B are correct.
D. Neither A nor B is correct.
Explain.
Which of the following best reflects a phylogenetic relationship between chimpanzees and baboons?
A.
They are grouped together because they live in similar habitats.
B.
They are grouped together because they have a common ancestor in recent history.
C.
They are grouped together because they both have an opposable thumb.
D.
They are grouped together because they both feed their young breast milk.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Which levels of the classification in Figure 20.3...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the trees shown here depicts an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 20.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.3 - The most parsimonious tree of evolutionary...Ch. 20.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 20.4 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 20.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Concept 14.5. Then...
Ch. 20.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose a molecular clock dates the...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 20 - To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 20 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- Denisovans are ancient humans. What would you least expect? A. They would have a larger brain than H. floresiensis. B. Fusion of chromosome 2a and 2b would not have occurred. C. Their mtDNA would show more similarity to Neanderthals than to H. sapiens. D. They probably did not have a spoken language. E. There would be evidence of them interbreeding with Homo sapiens and Neanderthals.arrow_forwardWhich statement portrays the concept of ontogeny in phylogenetics? option a.) scientist gathers physiological traits and genetic data about a group of endemic monkeys. option b.) Both chick and human embryos go through a stage where they have slits and arches in their necks that are identical to the gill slits and arches of fish. option c.) The progression of morphological forms observed in fossil record is consistent with inferences about the major branches of descent in the tree of life. option d.) Crocodiles have amniotic eggs while rodents and rabbits don't have.arrow_forwardWhat consequences does horizontal gene transfer pose for evolutionary biologists? a. It can pose difficulty in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships. b. It can pose physiological problems in some organisms, making it very hard to study them. c. It can pose difficulty in breeding between different individuals of the same species. d. Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look very more similar than they actually are. e. All of the above.arrow_forward
- The Neanderthal nuclear genome: A. Shows that Neanderthals inherited their ability to flake stone directly from Homo habilis. B. Is overwhelmingly similar to the modern human genome. C. Demonstrates once and for all that Neanderthals had language. D. Is composed exclusively of mitochondrial DNA. E. Indicates that most Neanderthal females died young, which explains why Neanderthal populations were so small.arrow_forwardBoth octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergentarrow_forwardWhy are homologous traits similar? A. they result from genetic and developmental similarities. B. they are epigenetic effects. C. they are derived from a common ancestor D. they result from convergent evolution E. they result because the environmental conditions of the ancestors were similar.arrow_forward
- You are studying the evolution of a trait in two species of snakes where both species can flatten themselves so that they can glide from tree to tree. You know that this trait is not present in the ancestor of all snakes. With this information, is the trait a homology? a. Yes b. No c. Only in one of the species. d. Not enough information to tell.arrow_forwardEvolutionary theory predicts that species are related, not independent. Four of the following examples provide support for this prediction, but one is irrelevant. Which of examples listed below does not support the claim that species are related? A. Many dinosaurs and other organisms went extinct following a huge asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous. B. Before synthetic insulin was available, diabetics used injections of purified pig insulin to manage their disease. C. The endostyle of lancelets (invertebrate chordates) and the thyroid gland of vertebrates develop similarly, and both produce iodinated proteins. D. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to carry their genetic information. E. Ground squirrel species found on the North and South sides of the Grand Canyon are very similar to each other.arrow_forwardSelect the taxon that MOST CLOSELY applies to each of the statements below regarding anthropoids. Each term may be used once or not at all. Hominin genus with small head and oval birth canal. a. Homo sapiens + Species with a brain mass approximately three times larger than that of b. Homo heidelbergensis other extant hominins. c. Homo floresiensis * Species that comparative genomics suggests hybridized with Homo sapiens. d. Gigantopithecus e. Aegyptopithecus + Small-statured species found in Indonesia up to about 50,000 years ago. f. Homo neanderthalensis + Genus conjectured by some to have been responsible for the Yeti myth in southeast Asia. g. Homo h. Homo erectus i. Ardipithecus ramidus j. Proconsul k. Homo habilis 1. Australopithecus m. Australopithecus afarensisarrow_forward
- The bones in the front fins of whales and the bones in the human arm evolved from a common ancestor but carry out different functions. This is an example of A. homologous structures. B. vestigial structures. C. analogous structures. D. embryonic structures.arrow_forwardYou are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. With the emphasis on anatomical and behavioral characteristics, this implies that the researchers are relying on A. Traditional classifications of chimpanzees and humans B. Nonevolutionary classifications of chimpanzees and humans C. An incorrect classification of human ancestors D. Cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humansarrow_forwardThe hoof of a horse and the claw of a cat are found to both form due to the expression of the same gene in both species. This suggests that the two structures are…? Group of answer choices a. homologous b. identical c. have nothing to do with one another d. the result of convergent evolutionarrow_forward
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