Interpretation:
The concentration of calcium ions in the given sample of seawater is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
For radioactive elements, the number of disintegrations per second occurring in them is defined as their activity. Mathematically, it is represented as follows:
The activity is known to be proportional to the number of radioactive nuclei,
Here,
To calculate the change in the number of nuclei per second:
The half-life for a first-order reaction is given as:
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 20 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
- For the reaction : Als) / AI* (aq) // Mg+2aq) / Mg(s) the amount of electrical energy isarrow_forward[8] A sample of 0°K (t1/2 = 32 s) is to be used in a study of a patient's respiration. How soon after its creation must it be administered to the patient if the activity must be at least 60 % of the original activity?arrow_forwardIn a functional assay, you find that your purified hCG sample has an activity of 20,000 mIU/ml (where mIU is milli international units). You make a standard curve and determine that the concentration of a 100-fold diluted aliquot of your hCG is 0.05 µg/ml. What is the activity in mIU/mg of your purified sample? 4 x 10^5 5 x 10^7 4 x 10^6 4 x 10^7arrow_forward
- 238 CHAPTER 8 4. Consider the dissolution reaction of potassium bromide (KBr, M = 119,01 g/mol) represented by the chemical equation below: KBr(s) → K*(aq) + Br (aq) Thermodynamic data for solid and aqueous KBr are shown in the table below: AH formation (kJ/mol) Substance KBr(s) -393.8 K*(ag) -252.4 Br (aq) -121.6 (a) Calculate the enthalpy of dissolution for KBr(s) from the data. The lattice enthalpy of an ionic solid is the enthalpy of the reaction that forms the gas-phase ions from the solid, as represented in the chemical equation below. KBr(s) K*(g) + Br(g) AH° lattice = +691 kJ/mol. (b) Calculate the enthalpy of the hydration reaction for KBr represented below: K*(g) + Br (g) →K*(aq)+ Br (aq) ΔΗ. hydration = ? (c) Identify the bonds broken in the lattice reaction and the bonds formed in the hydration reaction an give the relative values of these interactions based on the data for KBr.arrow_forwardFor pH values of 2.00, 6.00, and 10.00, calculate the alpha values for each species in an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid.arrow_forward3 75.9 g per day of a certain industrial waste chemical P arrives at a treatment plant settling pond with a volume of 300. m` P is destroyed by sunlight, and once in the pond it has a half-life of 30. h. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of P in the pond. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. g 3 m x10 X Ś ■arrow_forward
- For the reaction below, Kc = 9.2 × 10 5. What is the equilibrium concentration of D if the reaction begins with 0.20 MA? A (aq) + 2 B (s) =C (s) + 2 D (aq)arrow_forwardThe reaction: Ba + CuO -> BaO + Cu, will occur if O is more active than Cu Ba is more active than O Ba is more active than Cu Cu is more active than Baarrow_forwardThe age of wine can be determined by measuring the trace amount of radioactive tritium, 3H, present in a sample. Tritium is formed from hydrogen in water vapor in the upper atmosphere by cosmic bombardment, so all naturally ocurring water contains a small amount of this isotope. Once the water is in a bottle of wine, however, the formation of additional tritium from the water is negligible, so the tritium initially present gradually diminishes by a first-order radioactive decay with a half-life of 12.5 years. If a bottle of wine is found to have a tritium concentration that is 0.184 that of freshly bottled wine (i.e. [3H]t = 0.184 [3H]0), what is the age of the wine?arrow_forward
- The age of wine can be determined by measuring the trace amount of radioactive tritium, ³H, present in a sample. Tritium is formed from hydrogen in water vapor in the upper atmosphere by cosmic bombardment, so all naturally ocurring water contains a small amount of this isotope. Once the water is in a bottle of wine, however, the formation of additional tritium from the water is negligible, so the tritium initially present gradually diminishes by a first-order radioactive decay with a half-life of 12.5 years. If a bottle of wine is found to have a tritium concentration that is 0.120 that of freshly bottled wine (i.e. [H]; = 0.120[³H]o), what is the age of the wine? i yearsarrow_forwardThe age of wine can be determined by measuring the trace amount of radioactive tritium, 3H, present in a sample. Tritium is formed from hydrogen in water vapor in the upper atmosphere by cosmic bombardment, so all naturally ocurring water contains a small amount of this isotope. Once the water is in a bottle of wine, however, the formation of additional tritium from the water is negligible, so the tritium initially present gradually diminishes by a first-order radioactive decay with a half-life of 12.5 years. If a bottle of wine is found to have a tritium concentration that is 0.191 that of freshly bottled wine (i.e. [³H]; = 0.191[°H]o), what is the age of the wine? i yearsarrow_forwardPart B: The Nernst Equation Write the Nernst equation? for the reaction Cu²* (ag) + Zn (s) → Zn2+ (ag) + Cu (s) Let activity of Cu²+ equal to 1 and change the activity of Zn?* such that Q is in the range – 0.001 to +0.001. Select different values of Q and for each calculate Ecell- Plot Ecell – Eell vs In Q. What is the effect of Q (that is the activity) on Ecell – Eell ? Is the effect the same at higher and lower values of Q? what is the largest value of the absolute difference between cell potential and standard cell potential, |Ecell – Eselll? What do you expect the graph will look like for different number of electron transferred (v )? And why?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning