The structures of the respective aldehyde and ketone that contain three carbon atoms should be determined. Concept Introduction: Aldehyde and ketone are considered to be two main functional groups of the organic molecules. Both have a common functionality of the form of a double bond between C and O(C=O) known as the carbonyl carbon. With oxygen being a much more electronegative atom the C=O bond has a significant degree of polarity resulting in many corresponding organic reactions. The main functionalities of aldehyde and ketone can be shown as below. Aldehyde functional group: Ketone functional group:

Question

Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl groups. In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom, whereas in ketones, the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to another carbon atom. Select the true statements about aldehydes and ketones. - Ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols of similar size. - Aldehydes contain a carbon–oxygen double bond. - Butanal has a higher boiling point than 2-butanol. - Aldehydes with more than five carbon atoms are soluble in water, but not organic solvents. - Both aldehydes and ketones can hydrogen bond with water molecules. - Propanal is a gas at room temperature, whereas formaldehyde (methanal) is a liquid at room temperature.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 71QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the respective aldehyde and ketone that contain three carbon atoms should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehyde and ketone are considered to be two main functional groups of the organic molecules. Both have a common functionality of the form of a double bond between C and O(C=O) known as the carbonyl carbon. With oxygen being a much more electronegative atom the C=O bond has a significant degree of polarity resulting in many corresponding organic reactions. The main functionalities of aldehyde and ketone can be shown as below.

Aldehyde functional group:

Ketone functional group:

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Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl groups. In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom, whereas in ketones, the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to another carbon atom. Select the true statements about aldehydes and ketones. - Ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols of similar size. - Aldehydes contain a carbon–oxygen double bond. - Butanal has a higher boiling point than 2-butanol. - Aldehydes with more than five carbon atoms are soluble in water, but not organic solvents. - Both aldehydes and ketones can hydrogen bond with water molecules. - Propanal is a gas at room temperature, whereas formaldehyde (methanal) is a liquid at room temperature.

What structural characteristic is shared by the aldehydes and the ketones? A) They both are straight chain compounds. B) Aldehydes and ketones both contain a carbonyl carbon. C) Both of these compound classes have as the smallest compound a 5 carbon skeleton. D) Aldehydes and ketones have no shared characteristics.

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