Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 6P
To determine
The size of the smallest Gausses signal element that could be seen from mars closest approach to earth.
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When Mars is 90 million km (9 x 10^10 m) from Earth, a) How long would it take for a radio wave from a video camera mounted on the back of a Mars Rover to tell ground control on earth that the Rover is about to go over a cliff? b) How long would it take for a radio signal from Earth to reach the Rover saying "STOP". c) Why do our Mars Rovers have to be "intelligent" enough to figure out how to deal with obstacles themselves?
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
(MRO) flies at an average altitude of 280km above the Martian Surface.
If its cameras have an angular resolution of 0.2 arc seconds, what is the
size of the smallest objects that the
MRO
can detect on the Martian surface?
Use the
equation:
S =x × d / 206265 arcseconds / radian
, where S is the true size of the object, d is the distance from the detector to the object, and x is the angular size of the object. Your answer will be in km (you can
ignore the radians unit (it should appear, but the equation made a simplifying assumption that dropped it out.
There is one part to this question. I need to know the cm. Thank you!
Chapter 20 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 20 - If life is based on information, what is that...Ch. 20 - How does the DNA molecule produce a copy of...Ch. 20 - What would happen to a life-form if the genetic...Ch. 20 - What would happen to a life-form if the...Ch. 20 - Give an example of natural selection acting on new...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Why do scientists generality think that liquid...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - What is the significance of the Miller-Urey...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 20 - Prob. 11RQCh. 20 - Why is it reasonable to suspect that travel...Ch. 20 - How does the stability of technological...Ch. 20 - Prob. 14RQCh. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - Prob. 16RQCh. 20 - How Do We know? Why are scientists confident that...Ch. 20 - Do you expect that hypothetical alien recipients...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2DQCh. 20 - Prob. 3DQCh. 20 - A single human cell encloses about 1.5 m of DNA,...Ch. 20 - If you represent Earth’s history by a line 1 m...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - If a star must remain on the main sequence for at...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5PCh. 20 - Prob. 6PCh. 20 - Prob. 7PCh. 20 - Calculate the numb of communicative civilizations...Ch. 20 - The star cluster shown in the image in Figure UN...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2LTL
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- If you detected radio signals with an average wavelength of 68 cm and suspected that they came from a civilization on a distant Earth-like exoplanet, roughly how much of a change in wavelength (in cm) should you expect to detect as a result of the orbital motion of the distant exoplanet? (Hint: Use the Doppler shift formula.) (Note: Earth's orbital velocity is 30 km/s.)arrow_forwardThink of our Milky Way Galaxy as a flat circular disk of diameter 100,000 light-years. Suppose we are one of 1000 civilizations, randomly distributed through the disk, interested in communicating via radio waves. How far away in light years would the nearest such civilization be from us on average? Show your working. (Hint: Begin by calculating the area of the disk. Find the area of one of a 1,000 squares. Consider the separation of the centres of two adjacent squares.)arrow_forwardIf you detected radio signals with an average wavelength of 37 cm and suspected that they came from a civilization on a distant Earth-like exoplanet, roughly how much of a change in wavelength (in cm) should you expect to detect as a result of the orbital motion of the distant exoplanet? (Hint: Use the Doppler shift formula.) (Note: Earth's orbital velocity is 30 km/s.) cmarrow_forward
- ___ cmarrow_forwardThe unaided human eye has a resolution of about 100 arc seconds in bright lighting conditions. Could someone looking out the command module window have seen the astronauts on the Moon yes or no?arrow_forwardOn Mars, the average temperature is -64 °F and the average atmospheric pressure is0.92 kPa. (a) What is the number of molecules per volume in theMartian atmosphere? (b) Is the number of molecules per volumeon the Earth greater than, less than, or equal to the number pervolume on Mars? Explain your reasoning. (c) Estimate the numberof molecules per volume in Earth’s atmospherearrow_forward
- How Do We Know? In what way are basic scientific data cumulative, and how do accumulations of such data help later scientists?arrow_forward2arrow_forwardIn a globular cluster, astronomers (someday) discover a star with the same mass as our Sun, but consisting entirely of hydrogen and helium. Is this star a good place to point our SETI antennas and search for radio signals from an advanced civilization? Group of answer choices No, because such a star (and any planets around it) would not have the heavier elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) that we believe are necessary to start life as we know it. Yes, because globular clusters are among the closest star clusters to us, so that they would be easy to search for radio signals. Yes, because we have already found radio signals from another civilization living near a star in a globular cluster. No, because such a star would most likely not have a stable (main-sequence) stage that is long enough for a technological civilization to develop. Yes, because such a star is probably old and a technological civilization will have had a long time to evolve and develop there.arrow_forward
- Suppose you send a probe to land on Mercury, and the probe transmits radio signals to Earth at a wavelength of 59.0000 cm. You listen for the probe when Mercury is moving away from Earth at its full orbital velocity of 48 km/s around the sun. What wavelength (in cm) would you have to tune your radio telescope to detect the signal? (Hint: Use the Doppler shift formula .) (Note: the speed of light if 3.0 x 10^5 km/s. Give your answer to at least four decimal places.) ______ cmarrow_forwardYou record the spectrum of a distant star using a telescope on the ground on Earth. Upon analysing the spectrum, you discover absorption lines spaced at intervals typical of oxygen atoms. Which of the following are possible interpretations of this evidence? Select all that apply. The width of the spectral lines gives the diameter of the star The star is likely orbited by habitable planets with breathable atmospheres. The height of the spectral lines above the star's general blackbody spectral curve tells us how much oxygen is in the star The atmosphere of Earth contains oxygen The red or blueshift of the set of lines can tell us the speed of the star's motion toward or away from usarrow_forwardTutorial A radio broadcast left Earth in 1925. How far in light years has it traveled? If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached? Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.30 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.85. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal? Part 1 of 3 To figure out how many light years a signal has traveled we need to know how long since the signal left Earth. If the signal left in 1925, distance in light years = time since broadcast left Earth. d = tnow - tbroadcast d = light years Submit Skip (you cannot come back)arrow_forward
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