Chapter 20, Problem 62PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronegativity groups are should be drawn and identified for the given corresponding statements by using its structures.

Concept introduction:

Electronegativity: The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons and the Pauling scale is the most commonly used. According to periodic table explain Moving down in a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have less of an attraction for electrons or protons.

Electrophile: An electrophile is a species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of $\text{π}$-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water.

Esterification reaction: This type of conversion reaction involved aliphatic, aromatic carboxylic acid to different esters using mineral acids (like $dil.HCl,dil.H_{2}S{O}_4$) and alcohols Fisher Esterification. The equal amount of carboxylic acid is treated with alcohols in presence of acid catalyst conditions to give target ester along with water. This type of conversion called as Fisher Esterification.

To identify: The electronegativity groups of given molecule.