Chapter 20, Problem 61QAP

. Give the systematic name for each of the following alcohols. Indicate whether the alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is C_n H_{2 n + 1} OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.

In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:

1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.

2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".

3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.

4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.

For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1     meth

Carbon-2    eth

Carbon-3    prop

Carbon-4     but

Carbon-5     pent

Carbon-6    hex

Carbon-7     hept

Carbon-8     oct

Carbon-9     non

Carbon-10     dec.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

3-ethylpentan-3-ol; tertiary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure is:

The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 3 and the ethyl substituent also get 3.

So, the IUPAC name will be: 3-ethylpentan-3-ol.

Since, -OH group is attached to tertiary carbon so, it is tertiary alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is C_n H_{2 n + 1} OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.

In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:

1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.

2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".

3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.

4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.

For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1     meth

Carbon-2    eth

Carbon-3    prop

Carbon-4     but

Carbon-5     pent

Carbon-6    hex

Carbon-7     hept

Carbon-8     oct

Carbon-9     non

Carbon-10     dec.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

2, 4-dimethylpentan-3-ol; secondary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure is:

The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 3 and the methyl substituent on 2 and 5.

So, the IUPAC name will be: 2, 4-dimethylpentan-3-ol.

Since, -OH group is attached to secondary carbon so, it is secondary alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is C_n H_{2 n + 1} OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.

In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:

1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.

2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".

3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.

4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.

For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1     meth

Carbon-2    eth

Carbon-3    prop

Carbon-4     but

Carbon-5     pent

Carbon-6    hex

Carbon-7     hept

Carbon-8     oct

Carbon-9     non

Carbon-10     dec.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

4, 4-dimethylpentan-2-ol; secondary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure is:

The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 2 and the methyl substituent on carbon number 4.

So, the IUPAC name will be: 4, 4-dimethylpentan-2-ol.

Since, -OH group is attached to secondary carbon so, it is secondary alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The systematic names of the given alcohol and whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An organic compound in which hydroxyl functional group that is -OH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be an alcohol. The general formula for alcohol is C_n H_{2 n + 1} OH. Based on the attachment to the carbon the alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a primary carbon atom (carbon atom to which one carbon atom is attached) then such alcohol is said to be a primary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a secondary carbon atom (carbon atom to which two carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a secondary alcohol.

When alcohol (having hydroxyl group) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (carbon atom to which three carbon atoms are attached) then such alcohol is said to be a tertiary alcohol.

In order to give the name to the alcohol following steps are followed:

1. The parent (longest) continuous carbon chain containing hydroxyl group (-OH) is selected.

2. While writing the name of alcohol, the suffix "e" of the corresponding alkane is replaced by "-ol".

3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and numbering should be done in such a way that the multiple bond and substituent group gets lowest number.

4. Hyphen is used to connect the number to the name.

For number of carbons atoms in alkane chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1     meth

Carbon-2    eth

Carbon-3    prop

Carbon-4     but

Carbon-5     pent

Carbon-6    hex

Carbon-7     hept

Carbon-8     oct

Carbon-9     non

Carbon-10     dec.

Answer to Problem 61QAP

2, 2, 4-trimethylpentan-1-ol; primary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure is:

The parent chain in the given structure is of 5-carbon atoms so, prefix will be pent. Numbering is done in such a way that the hydroxyl group gets lower number that is 1 and the methyl substituents on carbon number 2 and 4.

So, the IUPAC name will be: 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentan-1-ol.

Since, -OH group is attached to primary carbon so, it is primary alcohol.