Chapter 20, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The product formed by the hydrolysis of given lactone or lactam with acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Lactones are cyclic esters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids. The synthesis of lactones from hydroxycarboxylic acid is done by intramolecular esterification reaction. However, they can be converted back to hydroxycarboxylic acids by acidic hydrolysis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The product formed by the hydrolysis of given lactone or lactam with acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Lactones are cyclic esters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids. The synthesis of lactones from hydroxycarboxylic acid is done by intramolecular esterification reaction. However, they can be converted back to hydroxycarboxylic acids by acidic hydrolysis.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The product formed by the hydrolysis of given lactone or lactam with acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Amides are hydrolyzed either in acidic or basic media to yield carboxylic acids or carboxylate anions. A cyclic amide is termed as lactam. It undergoes ring opening in the presence of acid to yield a compound that contains carboxylic acid and amine groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The product formed by the hydrolysis of given lactone or lactam with acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Amides are hydrolyzed either in acidic or basic media to yield carboxylic acids or carboxylate anions. A cyclic amide is termed as lactam. It undergoes ring opening in the presence of acid to yield a compound that contains carboxylic acid and amine groups.