Chapter 20, Problem 34R

To determine

To complete: The concept map on radioactivity.

Answer to Problem 34R

a. neutrons.

b. strong force.

c. electromagnetic force.

d. cancer treatments.

e. alpha particles.

f. gamma rays.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The atom is the smallest part of matter which cannot be divided into the smallest particles. Every atom has a negative charged electron and positively charged nuclei.

1. The positively charged nuclei of an atom consist of two particles. Positive charged particles proton and no charged particle is a neutron.
2. Protons in the nuclei are positively charged which repel each other but they are present in nuclei with neutrons due to some Strong force of attraction in the nucleus.
3. Protons in the nuclei are positively charged which repel each other due to the electromagnetic force. For nuclei stability, there is a balance between the electromagnetic force and strong force.
4. In medical the nuclei, nuclear radiation is used for the treatment of cancer disease by stopping the growth of cancerous cells.
5. When there is instability in the nuclei due to less strong force then decay of alpha particles. These alpha particles consist of two neutrons and two protons.
6. During the radioactive decay of nuclei the electromagnetic waves emitted called Gamma rays.

Conclusion:

Thus, the concept map on radioactivity can be completed by filling following answers;

a. neutrons.

b. strong force.

c. electromagnetic force.

d. cancer treatments.

e. alpha particles.

f. gamma rays.