Chapter 20, Problem 20.25SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound.

The chemical structures are described by IUPAC name or common names. IUPAC names are totally different from common names because IUPAC names are applied at international level and it comprises suffix, prefix, numbers and other priority rules.

Answer to Problem 20.25SP

The $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound is $\text{pent}-2-\text{ynoic}\text{acid}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical structure of the given compound is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

The structure comprises chain of five carbon atoms along with carboxylic acid at first and triple bond in between second and third carbon atoms. According to $\text{IUPAC}$ nomenclature, the numbering of parent chain should start from the nearest end of substituents and functional groups of the compound.

Therefore, the $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound is $\text{pent}-2-\text{ynoic}\text{acid}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound.

The chemical structures are described by IUPAC name or common names. IUPAC names are totally different from common names because IUPAC names are applied at international level and it comprises suffix, prefix, numbers and other priority rules.

Answer to Problem 20.25SP

The $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the given compound is $3-\text{amino}-2-\text{hydroxybutanoic}\text{acid}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical structure of the given compound is shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

The structure comprises chain of four carbon atoms along with carboxylic acid group, hydroxyl group and amino group at first, second, and third carbon atoms respectively. Carboxylic acid group gets higher priority during the naming of structure because it is present at first carbon atom. According to $\text{IUPAC}$ nomenclature, the numbering of parent chain should start from the nearest end of substituents and functional groups.

Therefore, the $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the given compound on the basis of its chemical structure is $3-\text{amino}-2-\text{hydroxybutanoic}\text{acid}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound.

The chemical structures are described by IUPAC name or common names. IUPAC names are totally different from common names because IUPAC names are applied at international level and it comprises suffix, prefix, numbers and other priority rules.

Answer to Problem 20.25SP

The $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the given compound is $3-\text{methylbut}-2-\text{enoic}\text{acid}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical structure of the given compound is shown in figure 3.

Figure 3

The structure comprises chain of four carbon atoms along with carboxylic acid group and methyl group at first and third carbon atoms respectively. The double bond is present in between the second and third carbon atoms. Carboxylic acid group gets higher priority during the naming of structure because it is present at first carbon atom. According to $\text{IUPAC}$ nomenclature, the numbering of parent chain should start from the nearest end of substituents and functional groups.

Therefore, the $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound on the basis of its chemical structure is $3-\text{methylbut}-2-\text{enoic}\text{acid}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in an electronegativity of the atoms in a compound.

The chemical structures are described by IUPAC name or common names. IUPAC names are totally different from common names because IUPAC names are applied at international level and it comprises suffix, prefix, numbers and other priority rules.

Answer to Problem 20.25SP

The $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the given compound is $\left(1R,2R\right)-2-\text{methylcyclopentane}\text{carboxylic}\text{acid}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical structure of the given compound is shown in figure 4.

Figure 4

The structure comprises cyclic ring of five carbon atoms along with one group of carboxylic acids at first carbon atom and one methyl group at second carbon atom. The carboxylic acid group is present below the plane, whereas methyl group is present at above the plane. According to $\text{IUPAC}$ nomenclature, the numbering of parent chain should start from the nearest end of substituents and functional groups.

Therefore, the $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound on the basis of its chemical structure is $\left(1R,2R\right)-2-\text{methylcyclopentane}\text{carboxylic}\text{acid}$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in electronegativity of the atoms in a compound.

The chemical structures are described by IUPAC name or common names. IUPAC names are totally different from common names because IUPAC names are applied at international level and it comprises suffix, prefix, numbers and other priority rules.

Answer to Problem 20.25SP

The $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the given compound is $2,4,6-\text{trinitrobenzoic}\text{acid}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical structure of the given compound is shown in figure 5.

Figure 5

The structure comprises cyclic ring of six carbon atoms along with one carboxylic acid group at first position and three nitro groups at second, fourth and sixth carbon atoms. According to $\text{IUPAC}$ nomenclature, the numbering of parent chain should start from the nearest end of substituents and functional groups.

Therefore, the $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound on the basis of its chemical structure is $2,4,6-\text{trinitrobenzoic}\text{acid}$.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name of given compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids are the carbon compounds that contain carboxyl group as a major functional group. These are polar compounds due to difference in electronegativity of the atoms in a compound.

The chemical structures are described by IUPAC name or common names. IUPAC names are totally different from common names because IUPAC names are applied at international level and it comprises suffix, prefix, numbers and other priority rules.

Answer to Problem 20.25SP

The $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound on the basis of its chemical structure is $5,5-\text{dimethyl}-4-\text{oxohexanoic}\text{acid}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical structure of the given compound is shown in figure 6.

Figure 6

The structure comprises parent chain of six carbon atoms along with carboxylic acid group, carbonyl group, and two methyl groups at first, fourth and fifth carbon atoms respectively. According to $\text{IUPAC}$ nomenclature, the numbering of parent chain should start from the nearest end of substituents and functional groups.

Therefore, the $\text{IUPAC}$ name of the compound on the basis of its chemical structure is $5,5-\text{dimethyl}-4-\text{oxohexanoic}\text{acid}$.