Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed. Concept introduction: Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH 4 and LiAlH 4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates. In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates.

In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates.

In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates.

In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction