To tell: Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier. Introduction: The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 1TMW

Summary Introduction

To tell:

Why it is important that the cells forming the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against one another by forming a blood-brain barrier.

Introduction:

The blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord are lined on the inside with specialized endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are stuck together very tightly and forming 'tight junctions'.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The spinal cord extends down from the brain to the lumbar region (lower back). Below lumbar region, a package of nerves called the cauda equina is seen. This bundle of nerves resembles the tail of a horse. The dura mater is a tough fibrous sheath which provides a flexible and strong covering for the delicate organs of the central nervous system (CNS). It acts as a barrier and prevents the spread of infections from the bones. The arachnoid mater is located deep to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater which contains many branching fibers, which gives the appearance of a spider web. The subarachnoid space is the cavities found in between the arachnoid mater fibers. Pia mater is the internal layer, which is pressed near to the spinal cord and brain. Blood vessels situated on the top of the pia mater supplies the central nervous system with blood. These blood vessel walls are composed of tightly packed cells that form the blood-brain barrier, thereby preventing the entry of microbes and other large molecules into the subarachnoid space. So the infections of blood do not spread easily to the CNS.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

It is important that the cells that are involved in the formation of the blood vessels of the spinal cord and brain should be tight against with each other, forming a blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of microbes from blood to subarachnoid space and spread the infection to the CNS.

Answer 12

Ch. 20 - Prob. 1TMW Ch. 20 - Prob. 1EDCS Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CCS Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TMW Ch. 20 - Prob. 2CCS Ch. 20 - Prob. 2EDCS Ch. 20 - Prob. 3TMW Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TMW Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CCS Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TMW

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