The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis . Given: Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards. When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis. Introduction: The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The evidence for the toe pad evolution in the populations of Anoles carolinensis on the invaded islands. Also describe the reason for this rapid change in toe pads of A.carolinensis.

Given:

Anoles are the largest and diverse group of lizards found in America. These are important for the ecological and evolutionary studies. The two species A. carolinensis and the A. sagrei compete with each other and are aggressive in nature. The species of Anoles has a strong association of height with the structure of toe pads, which the lizards use to climb. The researchers found that the habitat of the lizards play a vital role in the evolution in the lizards.

When the A. sagrei was introduced on the islands, the changes were observed. The island only had A. carolinensis, so the introduction of A. sagrei was not supported. The researchers then collected samples of each type and raised their offspring in the controlled environment and analyzed the differences on the genetic basis.

Introduction:

The evolution is a process to know the descendants of the organisms. It helps the biologists to know about the ancestors of the organisms. It also helps to determine the gene that flows from generations to generations. Evolutionary changes refer to the changes that occur in the genes of the organisms due to time and place of evolution. As per Darwin, the evolutionary process is the process by which the organisms change over the period of time. Their changes can be heritable, whether it is physical or behavioral traits.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

According to the study, it is stated that larger toe pads with more lamellae are present in the species of A. carolinensis in the islands invaded by A. sagrei, compare to the toe pads of the lizards that is present in the islands not invaded by A. sagrei. The A. sagrei was found in islands in 1995. The difference in the foot structure is seen only since then. The toe pads have evolved very quickly over the period of time. The reasons for the same is, the selection of the larger toe pads with more lamellae in lizards was very strong on the invaded islands.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

So, it can be concluded that the evidence for the evolution of the toe pads in the populations of A. carolinensis was the presence of the A. sagrei and the reason for rapid evolution was the selection of the toe pads with more lamellae was very strong.

Answer 12

Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 4R Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 5R Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 4R Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1R

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