Ecological roles of bacteria and disruption of those roles by antibiotic pollution. Concept introduction: Bacteria are the unicellular prokaryotes that are generally considered as a pathogen (harmful pathogenic bacteria) but ecologically plays an important role in the environment. Those beneficial bacteria can act as decomposers, nitrogen fixators, agent for bioremediation and waste water treatment, and so on. But the antibiotic discharge from the industrial outlet may be one off the main risk involved in the disruption of the ecological role played by the bacteria. This risk is because of the development of antibiotic resistance in the existing bacteria and turns into more pathogenic organisms.

Question

Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell

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Chapter 20, Problem 1CT

Summary Introduction

To explain: Ecological roles of bacteria and disruption of those roles by antibiotic pollution.

Concept introduction: Bacteria are the unicellular prokaryotes that are generally considered as a pathogen (harmful pathogenic bacteria) but ecologically plays an important role in the environment. Those beneficial bacteria can act as decomposers, nitrogen fixators, agent for bioremediation and waste water treatment, and so on. But the antibiotic discharge from the industrial outlet may be one off the main risk involved in the disruption of the ecological role played by the bacteria. This risk is because of the development of antibiotic resistance in the existing bacteria and turns into more pathogenic organisms.

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Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell

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