Essential Cell Biology (Fourth Edition)
Essential Cell Biology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780815345251
Author: Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 20, Problem 16Q
Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the shape of the curve in the graph is so steep and curved.

Introduction: Colon cancer is a cancer that affects the colon that is a part of large intestine. An abnormal growth of colorectal cells has an ability to invade and attack other cells (metastasis). Most of the peoples get colon cancer due to old age and changes in the lifestyle, and exception is in some people who carry a cancer-causing gene inherited from their parent. The risk associated with the colon cancer is more to aged people because only one or two mutations in the cells are not sufficient to convert the normal cells to a cancerous one, but instead multiple mutations are required.

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You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?
You decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.
You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb?  Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.
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