Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 12SCQ
Why dues productivity
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As economic growth models become more and more inclusive of realistic conditions and incorporating complexities of the economy, disaggregation on inputs were introduced in capital (having physical and financial components). How does this labor disaggregation compare with that of capital, and its implications with less developed countries like the Philippines (aiming for a more robust economic growth)?
Since the late 1950s, economists have performed “growthaccounting†studies in the United States.These have determined that ________________ is typically the mostimportant contributor to U.S. economic growth.
a)physical capital
b)human capital
c)technology
d)a market orientation
Is it possible to have economic growth with no opportunity cost?
A)Yes, economic growth requires no current sacrifices-only the passage of time.
B) No, but economic growth is always worth whatever sacrifice is required.
C) No, because growth depletes the stock of knowledge so that more growth today means less growth tomorrow
D) No, because growth requires the sacrifice of consumption goods in order to invest in such things as capital
tormation and research and development.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 20 - Explain what the Industrial Revolution was and...Ch. 20 - Explain the difference between property rights and...Ch. 20 - Are there other ways in which we can measure...Ch. 20 - Assume there are two countries: South Korea and...Ch. 20 - What do the growth accounting studies conclude are...Ch. 20 - What policies can the government of a free-market...Ch. 20 - List the areas where government policy can help...Ch. 20 - Use an example to explain why, after periods of...Ch. 20 - Would the following events usually lead to capital...Ch. 20 - What are the advantages of backwardness for...
Ch. 20 - Would you expect capital deepening to result in...Ch. 20 - Why dues productivity growth in high-income...Ch. 20 - How did the Industrial Revolution increase the...Ch. 20 - How much should a nation be concerned if its rate...Ch. 20 - How is GDP per capita calculated differently from...Ch. 20 - How do gains in labor productivity lead to gains...Ch. 20 - What is an aggregate production function?Ch. 20 - What is capital deepening?Ch. 20 - What do economists mean when they refer to...Ch. 20 - For a high-income economy like the United States,...Ch. 20 - List some arguments for and against the likelihood...Ch. 20 - Over the past 50 years, many countries have...Ch. 20 - Labor Productivity and Economic Growth outlined...Ch. 20 - Change in labor productivity is one of the most...Ch. 20 - Refer back to the Work It Out about Comparing the...Ch. 20 - Education seems to be important for human capital...Ch. 20 - Describe some of the political and social...Ch. 20 - Why is investing in girls education beneficial for...Ch. 20 - How is the concept of technology, as defined with...Ch. 20 - What sorts of policies can governments implement...Ch. 20 - As technological change makes us more sedentary...Ch. 20 - An economy starts off with a GDP per capita of...Ch. 20 - An economy starts off with a GDP per capital of...Ch. 20 - Say that the average worker in Canada has a...Ch. 20 - Say that the average worker in the U.S. economy is...
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- Some resource-rich countries have succeeded in converting resource wealth into longterm and equitable economic development, while many others have not. Natural resources have played a fundamental role in the growth of several industrialized economies, including Germany and the United Kingdom, where coal and iron ore deposits were a precondition for the Industrial Revolution. The United States was the world’s leading mineral economy from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and in the same period became the world’s leader in manufacturing (van der Ploeg 2011). More recently, countries such as Botswana, Chile, and Norway have used abundant oil and mineral resources as the foundation for economic growth. Discuss in depth, based on your understanding of the various sources of fiscal risks what complicates fiscal management in resource rich countries. Taking Zambia as a case study, suggest ways in which these risks can be managed.arrow_forwardAssume that a economy holds two factors of production, human capital managed by native-born workers and low skilled migrants. If large migration of low skilled migrants occurs, how will the influence the rate of return on human capital?arrow_forwardWhat happens in the steady state to the capital-labor ratio, output per worker, and consumption per worker when each of the following events occur? You should assume that the steady-state capital- labor ratio is below the Golden Rule level. k y C a) Productivity falls b) Population growth falls c) The saving rate falls d) The depreciation rate fallsarrow_forward
- What happens in the steady state to the capital-labor ratio, output per worker, and consumption per worker when each of the following events occur? You should assume that the steady-state capital-labor ratio is below the Golden Rule level.arrow_forwardWhy Capital does not Flow from Rich to Emerging Countries? We assume that the production function in country i is 1 1 2 Yi = A ² k², (1) where y, and ki are output and capital per capita, respectively, in country i, and A is a measure of technology in country i. (a) Calculate the marginal product of capital (MPK) denoted by Ri in country i. (b) Express the MPK in terms of output per capita, yi, i.e., eliminate ki from Ri by using the production function (1). (c) We consider two countries, indexed by i 1 and i 2, whose production function is described by (1). Both are assumed to have the same level of productivity, i.e., A₁ A2. We assume y2 50y₁. Calculate the ratio R₁/R₂. (d) We keep assuming that y2 50y1, but now we assume that A2 educational attainment is higher in country 2. Calculate the ratio R₁/R₂ under 10A₁ because these assumptions. FX = - (e) We keep assuming y2 50y₁ but now we consider that technology in country 1 is a function of technology of the more advanced country 2,…arrow_forwardSince the late 1950s, economists have performed growth accounting studies in the United States. These have determined that _______________ is typically the most important contributor to U.S. economic growth. Question options: a) physical capital b) human capital c) technology d) a market orientationarrow_forward
- For a high-income economy like Australia, what aggregate production function elements are most important in bringing about growth in GDP per capita? What about a middleincome country such as India? A low-income country such as Afghanistan?arrow_forwardWhy economic growth is one of the goals of macroeconomics?arrow_forwardIf a nation’s productivity grows by 3 percent rather than 1.5 percent over many years, what will be the difference in the nation’s standard of living? Explain.arrow_forward
- Education seems to be important for human capital deepening and thus economic growth. As people become better educated and more knowledgeable, are there limits to how much additional benefit more education can provide? Why or why not?arrow_forwardPopulation Growth and Technological Progress – Work It Out PLEASE WRITE ANSWERS CLEARLY An economy has a Cobb-Douglas production function: Y = K“(LE)'-a The economy has a capital share of 0.30, a saving rate of 42 percent, a depreciation rate of 4.00 percent, a rate of population growth of 5.25 percent, and a rate of labor-augmenting technological change of 3.5 percent. It is in steady state. b. Solve for capital per effective worker (k*), output per effective worker (y*), and the marginal product of capital. k* = y* = marginal product of capital =arrow_forwardTo what extent have increases in U.S. real GDP resulted from more labor inputs? From higher labor productivity? Rearrange the following contributors to the growth of productivity in order of their quantitative importance: economies of scale, quantity of capital, improved resource allocation, education and training, technological advance.arrow_forward
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