EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780133954425
Author: Maier
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 20, Problem 11LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The second line of defense can be defined as the nonspecific resistance that destroys foreign particles or invaders in a generalized manner. The second line of defense does not distinguish between pathogens. They are part of innate immunity.
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The third line of defense includes: a. inflammation b. stomach’s digestive acid c. phagocytes d. MHC proteins
The brain can sense cytokines released by peripheral immune cells through the following means EXCEPT
a.) Cytokines being transported across the blood-brain barrier
b.) Cytokines crossing intact blood-brain barrier by diffusion
c.) Cytokines circumventing blood-brain barrier at circumventricular organs
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The zone of contact between the T cell and a pathogen-infected cell is called a(n)
Select one:
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- The body's innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT? A. The skin B. Inflammation C. Mucous membrane lining the intestine D. Antibodiesarrow_forwardSelect all of the following statetments that apply to immunological memory: A. A small population of plasma cells secrete pathogen-specific antibody long after pathogen clearance from the body. B. Memory T cells and memory B cells originate in secondary lymphoid tissue through colonal expansion. C. Memory T cells are produced during secondary immune responses, but not during primary immune responses. D. During a primary immune response, effector B cells outnumber memory cells. E. protective immunity persists for the same period regardless of the type of pathogen F. Memory B cells generated in secondary immune responses are more effective than memory B cells made in primary immune responses because of affinity maturationarrow_forwardHuman immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forward
- Which of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c. Macrophages and histiocytes d. Inflammatory reactions e. Fever f. Complements Please provide answer in short asap!!arrow_forwardWhich of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?a. macrophageb. T cellc. neutrophild. natural killer cellarrow_forwardThe T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: a. can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus b. remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted c. binds complement d. contains V and C regions on each of its chainarrow_forward
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