EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220101337627
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 10LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The immune system can be defined as the organs and body processes that resist the infection and toxins. A virus can be defined as a biological agent which reproduces inside the living cells of the hosts. When there is an infection by a virus, the host cell produces thousands of similar copies of the original virus at an unexpected rate.
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Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic
shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct
definition
Antigenic drift
[ Choose ]
[Choose ]
Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens
Antigenic shift
The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
Why would viral genome integration into host cell integration be advantageous to a virus?
It enables the virus to kill the cell.
It allows the virus to infect cells it would not normally infect.
It allows the virus to be passed on to future generations of host cells.
It allows the virus to destroy the host cell's DNA.
It speeds up viral replication.
Would you be able to help with this? Number 1. I’ve watched the video and can’t figure it out :/
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- Coronaviridae is a virus “family.” There are actually many different coronaviruses within this group, including less pathogenic virus strains that cause the common cold. Many people in this course have likely been infected with one of these other coronaviruses. A common feature of coronaviruses and other RNA viruses (think influenza virus, HIV, etc.) is that they mutate frequently. This is because the viral enzymes that copy the genome during replication can’t fix mistakes. Given this information, how might we be able to distinguish the SARS-CoV-2 strain from some of the other, less concerning, coronavirus strains?arrow_forwardWhy can a virus multiply? Write in a 200-words (not in bulleted form please and thanks!)arrow_forwardFor a virus to transform a cell, which of the following events must occur: Group of answer choices Cytopathic effects must take place Virion production must be robust All answers are correct The cell must continue to divide The entire viral genome must always be integrated into host DNAarrow_forward
- How common is ABV in the USA? In the United States, over half of adults have been infected with ABV by age 40. Once ABV is in a person's body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. Match terms with descriptions based on the text above. You can use an answer more than once or not at all. "Over half of adults have been infected with ABV by age 40." ABV could belong to this group of viruses: A. Human Papilloma Viruses B. Incidence of ABV C. Herpesviruses D. Prevalence of ABV by age 40arrow_forwardTo be considered a virus, a virus MUST… _____be able to insert (recombine) its genes into the main chromosome (s) of the host _____only replicate inside of a host cytoplasm _____be a part of the Universal Tree of Life _____contain enzymes _____respire or fermentarrow_forwardA patient is admitted to the hospital with a viral infection and is immediately treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. How will the course of the infection be affected by this treatment? The infection's length will remain the same because viruses do not have DNA or RNA, and so antibiotics do not affect them. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the cell by binding to host-receptor proteins. The infection's length will remain the same because antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic cells or viruses. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics activate the immune system, and this decreases the severity of the infection.arrow_forward
- what characteristics of a virus protects it from immune system recognition? -incorporates itself into the infected tissue -Secretes antigens that repel mcrophages away from infected cell -produces toxins cytokines that detroys macrophages and neutrophils -Inactivates antigen recptors virus cell membranearrow_forwardWhich of the following happens to the viral nucleic acid during a lysogenic cycle cycle? a-the viral DNA immediately takes over the host cell genetic material b-it bursts the host cell c-the viral DNA forms a provirus d-the viral DNA is used to attach the bacteriophage to the host cell`s receptorsarrow_forwardFigure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?arrow_forward
- Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA integrated into host DNA 2.viral proteins synthesized on host ribosomes 3. viral DNA uses host enzymes to transcribe viral RNA 4. reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of ssDNA 5. synthesis of second DNA strand (a) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (e) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5arrow_forwardFigure 21.10 Which of the following statements is false? In the lytic cycle, new phages are produced and released into the environment. In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome. An environmental stressor can cause the phage to initiate the lysogenic cycle. Cell lysis only occurs in the lytic cycle.arrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY