EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220101337627
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 11LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The second line of defense can be defined as the nonspecific resistance that destroys foreign particles or invaders in a generalized manner. The second line of defense does not distinguish between pathogens. They are part of innate immunity.
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The third line of defense includes: a. inflammation b. stomach’s digestive acid c. phagocytes d. MHC proteins
The brain can sense cytokines released by peripheral immune cells through the following means EXCEPT
a.) Cytokines being transported across the blood-brain barrier
b.) Cytokines crossing intact blood-brain barrier by diffusion
c.) Cytokines circumventing blood-brain barrier at circumventricular organs
d.) Cytokines activating general visceral sensory nerves
The zone of contact between the T cell and a pathogen-infected cell is called a(n)
Select one:
a. immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)
b. polarization
C. cross-presentation center
d. granuloma
e. immunological synapse
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- Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)MHC class I b) MHC class Il C) both MHC class I and II d) neither MHC class | or II e) cannot be determined 21) expressed on T cells 22) captures antigens present in endosomes 23) strongly affected by proteasomal inhibition 24) downregulated by many viruses 25) the genes responsible for expression are monomorphic, meaning that identical alleles are shared throughout the populationarrow_forwardThe body's innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT? A. The skin B. Inflammation C. Mucous membrane lining the intestine D. Antibodiesarrow_forwardSelect all of the following statetments that apply to immunological memory: A. A small population of plasma cells secrete pathogen-specific antibody long after pathogen clearance from the body. B. Memory T cells and memory B cells originate in secondary lymphoid tissue through colonal expansion. C. Memory T cells are produced during secondary immune responses, but not during primary immune responses. D. During a primary immune response, effector B cells outnumber memory cells. E. protective immunity persists for the same period regardless of the type of pathogen F. Memory B cells generated in secondary immune responses are more effective than memory B cells made in primary immune responses because of affinity maturationarrow_forward
- Human immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c. Macrophages and histiocytes d. Inflammatory reactions e. Fever f. Complements Please provide answer in short asap!!arrow_forwardWhich of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?a. macrophageb. T cellc. neutrophild. natural killer cellarrow_forward
- The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: a. can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus b. remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted c. binds complement d. contains V and C regions on each of its chainarrow_forwardOne of the common characteristics of lymphocytes (1), neutrophils, and macrophages) the resulting immunity is not specialized b) they are the second line of defense c) they are all white cells d) they produce a cellular responsearrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All but one of the following occurs during the inflammatory response. Select the example below that does NOT describe the process of inflammation. a. Inflammation increases capillary permeability. b. Chemotaxis draws leucocytes to the site of injury. c. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury. d. Release of prostaglandins results in pain.arrow_forward
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