The stronger base between B r − and I − has to be identified. Concept introduction: If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid. Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases. Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

NMR spectrum of ethyl acetate has signals whose chemical shifts are indicated below. Which hydrogen or set of hydrogens corresponds to the signal at 4.1 ppm? Select the single best answer. The H O HỌC—C—0—CH, CH, 2 A ethyl acetate H NMR: 1.3 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 4.1 ppm Check OA B OC ch B C Save For Later Submit Ass © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center |

How many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. 1 Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. Check For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. O ✓ No additional Hs to color in top molecule ง No additional Hs to color in bottom…

in the kinetics experiment, what were the values calculated? Select all that apply.a) equilibrium constantb) pHc) order of reactiond) rate contstant

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between Br− and I− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3O− and CH3S− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between CH3CH2O− and CH3COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stronger base between H2C=C−H and HC≡C− has to be identified..

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is sp> sp2 > sp3 so sp3 hybridized molecule is weak acid.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between FCH2CH2COO− and BrCH2CH2COO− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strongest base between ClCH2CH2O− and ClCHCH2O− has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.

If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.

Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.

Answer 18

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 21

Ch. 2.1 - Which of the following are not acids? CH3COOH CO2...Ch. 2.1 - Draw the products of the acidbase reaction when a....Ch. 2.1 - a.What is the conjugate acid of each of the...Ch. 2.2 - a. Which is a stronger acid, one with a pKa of 5.2...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 2.2 - Antacids are compounds that neutralize stomach...Ch. 2.2 - Are the following body fluids acidic or basic? a....Ch. 2.3 - Draw the conjugate acid of each of the following:...Ch. 2.3 - a. Write an equation showing CH3OH reacting as an...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Stability of the bases depends on the acidity of a species.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 2 Solutions