Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 2, Problem 99E
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Ch. 2 - Two samples of a compound containing elements A...Ch. 2 - Q2. A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 2 - Q4 A student recreates the Millikan’s oil drop...Ch. 2 - Q5. Determine the number of protons and neutrons...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 1ECh. 2 - 2. Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How...Ch. 2 - 3. State and explain the law of conservation of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4ECh. 2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2 - Prob. 6ECh. 2 - Prob. 7ECh. 2 - 8. Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9ECh. 2 - 10. Describe the Rutherford’s gold foil...Ch. 2 - 11. Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the...Ch. 2 - 12. If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13ECh. 2 - Prob. 14ECh. 2 - Prob. 15ECh. 2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2 - 17. What are isotopes? What is the percent natural...Ch. 2 - 18. Describe the two different notations used to...Ch. 2 - Prob. 19ECh. 2 - Prob. 20ECh. 2 - Prob. 21ECh. 2 - Prob. 22ECh. 2 - Prob. 23ECh. 2 - Prob. 24ECh. 2 - Prob. 25ECh. 2 - Prob. 26ECh. 2 - Prob. 27ECh. 2 - 28. Why is the mass corresponding to a mole of one...Ch. 2 - 29. A hydrogen-filled balloon is ignited and 1.50...Ch. 2 - 30. An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2 - 32. Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed...Ch. 2 - Prob. 33ECh. 2 - Prob. 34ECh. 2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2 - Prob. 37ECh. 2 - 38. Sulfur and fluorine form several different...Ch. 2 - 39. Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 2 - 40. Which statements are inconsistent with...Ch. 2 - 41. Which statements are consistent with...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42ECh. 2 - 43. A chemist in an imaginary universe, where...Ch. 2 - Prob. 44ECh. 2 - 45. On a dry day, your body can accommodate static...Ch. 2 - Prob. 46ECh. 2 - 47. Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 48ECh. 2 - 49. How many electrons does it take to equal the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 50ECh. 2 - 51. Write isotopic symbols in the form X-A (e.g.,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52ECh. 2 - Prob. 53ECh. 2 - 54. Determine the number of protons and the number...Ch. 2 - Prob. 55ECh. 2 - Prob. 56ECh. 2 - Prob. 57ECh. 2 - 58. Determine the number of protons and the number...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59ECh. 2 - 60. Predict the charge of the ion formed by each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 61ECh. 2 - Prob. 62ECh. 2 - Prob. 63ECh. 2 - Write the symbolfor each element and classify it...Ch. 2 - Prob. 65ECh. 2 - Prob. 66ECh. 2 - Prob. 67ECh. 2 - Prob. 68ECh. 2 - 69. Which pair of elements do you expect to be...Ch. 2 - 70. Which pair of elements do you expect to be...Ch. 2 - 71. Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72ECh. 2 - Prob. 73ECh. 2 - Prob. 74ECh. 2 - Prob. 75ECh. 2 - 76. An element has four naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - 77. Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - 78. Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - 79. Use the mass spectrum of europium to determine...Ch. 2 - 80. Use the mass spectrum of rubidium to determine...Ch. 2 - 81. How many sulfur atoms are there in 5.52 mol of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 82ECh. 2 - Prob. 83ECh. 2 - Prob. 84ECh. 2 - Prob. 85ECh. 2 - Prob. 86ECh. 2 - 87. Calculate the number of atoms in each...Ch. 2 - 88. Calculate the number of atoms in each...Ch. 2 - 89. Calculate the mass, in grams, of each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 90ECh. 2 - Prob. 91ECh. 2 - Prob. 92ECh. 2 - 93. Calculate the average mass, in grams, of one...Ch. 2 - 94. Using scanning tunneling microscopy,...Ch. 2 - 95. A 7.83 g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H...Ch. 2 - Prob. 96ECh. 2 - 97. The ratio of oxygen to carbon by mass in...Ch. 2 - 98. The ratio of the mass of a nitrogen atom to...Ch. 2 - An particle, 4He2+, has a mass of 4.00151 amu....Ch. 2 - Prob. 100ECh. 2 - Prob. 101ECh. 2 - Prob. 102ECh. 2 - Prob. 103ECh. 2 - Prob. 104ECh. 2 - 105. Fill in the blanks to complete the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 106ECh. 2 - 107. Carbon-12 contains six protons and six...Ch. 2 - 108. A penny has a thickness of approximately 1.0...Ch. 2 - 109. Consider the stack of pennies in the previous...Ch. 2 - Prob. 110ECh. 2 - Prob. 111ECh. 2 - Prob. 112ECh. 2 - 113. A pure copper sphere has a radius of 0.935...Ch. 2 - 116. Boron has only two naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - Prob. 115ECh. 2 - Prob. 116ECh. 2 - Prob. 117ECh. 2 - 120. Naturally occurring chlorine is composed of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 119ECh. 2 - 122. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)...Ch. 2 - 123. Pure gold is usually too soft for jewelry, so...Ch. 2 - Prob. 122ECh. 2 - Prob. 123ECh. 2 - 126. On the previous page is a representation of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 125ECh. 2 - Prob. 126ECh. 2 - Prob. 127ECh. 2 - Prob. 128ECh. 2 - Prob. 129ECh. 2 - 132. Which answer is an example of the law of...Ch. 2 - 133. Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes:...Ch. 2 - 134. As we saw in the previous problem, lithium...Ch. 2 - Prob. 133ECh. 2 - Prob. 134ECh. 2 - Prob. 135E
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- A sample of metallic element X, weighing 4.315 g, combines with 0.4810 L of Cl2 gas (at normal pressure and 20.0C) to form the metal chloride with the formula XCl. If the density of Cl2 gas under these conditions is 2.948 g/L, what is the mass of the chlorine? The atomic weight of chlorine is 35.45 amu. What is the atomic weight of X? What is the identity of X?arrow_forwardArrange the following in the order of increasing mass. (a) a potassium ion, K+ (b) a phosphorus molecule, P4 (c) a potassium atom (d) a platinum atomarrow_forwardNeon has three stable isotopes, one with a small abundance. What are the abundances of the other two isotopes? 20Ne, mass = 19.992435 u; percent abundance = ? 21Ne mass = 20.993843 u; percent abundance = 027% 22Ne mass = 21.991383 u: percent abundance = ?arrow_forward
- The mass spectrum of phosphoryl chloride. POF3, is illustrated here. (a) Identify the cation fragment at a m/Z ratio of 85. (b) Identify the cation fragment at a m/Z ratio of 69. (c) Which two peaks in the mass spectrum provide evidence that the oxygen atom is connected to the phosphorus atom and is not connected to any of the three fluorine atoms?arrow_forward2.75 Chlorine has only two isotopes, one with mass 35 and the other with mass 37. One is present at roughly 75% abundance, and the atomic weight of chlorine on a periodic table is 35.45. Which must be the correct mass spectrum for chlorine?arrow_forwardThe mass spectrum of CH3Cl is illustrated here. You know that carbon has two stable isotopes, and 13C with relative abundances of 98.9% and 1.1%, respectively, and chlorine has two isotopes, 35a and 37CI with abundances of 75.77% and 24.23%, respectively. (a) What molecular species gives rise to the lines at m/Z of 50 and 52? Why is the line at 52 about 1/3 the height of the line at 50? (b) What species might be responsible for the line at m/Z = 51?arrow_forward
- There are 2.619 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of sodium. Assume that sodium atoms are spheres of radius 1.86 and that they are lined up side by side. How many miles in length is the line of sodium atoms?arrow_forward2.92 A candy manufacturer makes chocolate-covered cherries. Although all of the products look roughly the same, 3% of them are missing the cherry. The mass of the candy with a cherry is 18.5 g; those missing the cherry weigh only 6.4 g. (a) How would you compute the average mass of a box of 100 of these chocolate covered cherries from this manufacturer? (b) I low is this question analogous to the determination of atomic weights?arrow_forwardMass spectrometric analysis showed that there are four isotopes of an unknown element having the following masses and abundances: Three elements in the periodic table that have atomic weights near these values are lanthanum (La), atomic number 57, atomic weight 138.9055; cerium (Ce), atomic number 58, atomic weight 140.115; and praseodymium (Pr), atomic number 59, atomic weight 140.9076. Using the data above, calculate the atomic weight, and identify the element if possible.arrow_forward
- The mass-to-charge ratio for the positive ion F+ is 1.97 107 kg/C. Using the value of 1.602 1019 C for the charge on the ion, calculate the mass of the fluorine atom. (The mass of the electron is negligible compared with that of the ion, so the ion mass is essentially the atomic weight.)arrow_forwardVerify that the atomic weight of lithium is 6.94, given the following information: 6Li, mass = 6.015121 u; percent abundance = 7.50% 7Li, mass = 7.016003 u; percent abundance = 92.50%arrow_forwardWhen a sample of phosphorus burns in air, the compound P4O10 forms. One experiment showed that 0.744 g of phosphorus formed 1.704 g of P4O10. Use this information to determine the ratio of the atomic weights of phosphorus and oxygen (mass P/mass O). If the atomic weight of oxygen is assumed to be 16.000, calculate the atomic weight of phosphorus.arrow_forward
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