Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 2, Problem 36E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Whether the result is consistent with law of multiple proportions or not.
Given: The mass of sulfur per gram of palladium is
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f. Predict how the van Deemter curve in Figure 7
would change if the temperature were raised
from 40 °C to 55 °C.
Figure 7. van Desmter curves in reduced coordinates for four
nitroalkane homologues (nitropropane, black; nitrobutane, red;
nitropentane, blue; and nitrohexane, green) separated on the FMS
phase. Chromatographic conditions: column dimensions 50 mm × 4.6
mm id, eluent 30/70 ACN/water, flow rates 0.2-5.0 mL/min, injection
volume 0.5 and column temperature 40 °C. No corrections to the
plate heights have been made to account for extracolumn dispersion.
Reduced Plate Height (h)
°
20
40
60
Reduced Velocity (v)
8. (2) A water sample is analyzed for traces of benzene using headspace analysis. The sample and
standard are spiked with a fixed amount of toluene as an internal standard. The following data are
obtained:
Ppb benzene
Peak area benzene
Peak area toluene
10.0
252
376
Sample
533
368
What is the concentration of benzene in the sample?
Liquid chromatography has been used to track the concentration of remdesivir
(a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, structure shown at right) in COVID patients
undergoing experimental treatments.
Intensity
The authors provide the following details regarding standard solutions
preparation:
HN
CN
HO
OH
NH2
Remdesivir (RDV) stock solution (5000 µg/mL) was prepared by
dissolving RDV drug powder using the mixture of DMSO: MeOH (30:70
v/v). The RDV working standard solutions for calibration and quality
controls were prepared using methanol in concentrations of 100, 10, 1,
0.1, 0.01 µg/mL. 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 5000 ng/mL sample solutions
were prepared freshly by spiking calibration standard solutions into the blank human plasma samples
for method calibration.
a) What type of calibration method is being described? Why do you think the authors chose this
method as opposed to another?
b) Based on the details provided in part a, describe an appropriate method blank…
Recent advancements in liquid chromatography include the development of ultrahigh pressure liquid
chromatography (UHPLC) and an increased use of capillary columns that had previously only been used
with gas chromatography. Both of these advances have made the development of portable LC systems
possible. For example, Axcend Corp. makes a portable system that uses a capillary column with an
internal diameter of 150-μm-that is packed with 1.7-um stationary phase particles. In contrast, a traditional
LC column has a 4.6 mm internal diameter and utilizes 5-um stationary phase particles.
a) Explain one advantage that is afforded by the use of a capillary column in liquid chromatographic
separation. Explain one disadvantage of capillary columns.
b) Explain how the use of smaller stationary phase particles can improve the resolution of a separation.
Include any relevant equations that support your explanation.
c) A scientist at Rowan University is using
the Axcend LC to conduct analyses of F…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Ch. 2 - Two samples of a compound containing elements A...Ch. 2 - Q2. A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 2 - Q4 A student recreates the Millikan’s oil drop...Ch. 2 - Q5. Determine the number of protons and neutrons...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 2 - Prob. 1ECh. 2 - 2. Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How...Ch. 2 - 3. State and explain the law of conservation of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4ECh. 2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2 - Prob. 6ECh. 2 - Prob. 7ECh. 2 - 8. Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9ECh. 2 - 10. Describe the Rutherford’s gold foil...Ch. 2 - 11. Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the...Ch. 2 - 12. If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13ECh. 2 - Prob. 14ECh. 2 - Prob. 15ECh. 2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2 - 17. What are isotopes? What is the percent natural...Ch. 2 - 18. Describe the two different notations used to...Ch. 2 - Prob. 19ECh. 2 - Prob. 20ECh. 2 - Prob. 21ECh. 2 - Prob. 22ECh. 2 - Prob. 23ECh. 2 - Prob. 24ECh. 2 - Prob. 25ECh. 2 - Prob. 26ECh. 2 - Prob. 27ECh. 2 - 28. Why is the mass corresponding to a mole of one...Ch. 2 - 29. A hydrogen-filled balloon is ignited and 1.50...Ch. 2 - 30. An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2 - 32. Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed...Ch. 2 - Prob. 33ECh. 2 - Prob. 34ECh. 2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2 - Prob. 37ECh. 2 - 38. Sulfur and fluorine form several different...Ch. 2 - 39. Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 2 - 40. Which statements are inconsistent with...Ch. 2 - 41. Which statements are consistent with...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42ECh. 2 - 43. A chemist in an imaginary universe, where...Ch. 2 - Prob. 44ECh. 2 - 45. On a dry day, your body can accommodate static...Ch. 2 - Prob. 46ECh. 2 - 47. Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 48ECh. 2 - 49. How many electrons does it take to equal the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 50ECh. 2 - 51. Write isotopic symbols in the form X-A (e.g.,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52ECh. 2 - Prob. 53ECh. 2 - 54. Determine the number of protons and the number...Ch. 2 - Prob. 55ECh. 2 - Prob. 56ECh. 2 - Prob. 57ECh. 2 - 58. Determine the number of protons and the number...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59ECh. 2 - 60. Predict the charge of the ion formed by each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 61ECh. 2 - Prob. 62ECh. 2 - Prob. 63ECh. 2 - Write the symbolfor each element and classify it...Ch. 2 - Prob. 65ECh. 2 - Prob. 66ECh. 2 - Prob. 67ECh. 2 - Prob. 68ECh. 2 - 69. Which pair of elements do you expect to be...Ch. 2 - 70. Which pair of elements do you expect to be...Ch. 2 - 71. Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72ECh. 2 - Prob. 73ECh. 2 - Prob. 74ECh. 2 - Prob. 75ECh. 2 - 76. An element has four naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - 77. Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - 78. Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - 79. Use the mass spectrum of europium to determine...Ch. 2 - 80. Use the mass spectrum of rubidium to determine...Ch. 2 - 81. How many sulfur atoms are there in 5.52 mol of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 82ECh. 2 - Prob. 83ECh. 2 - Prob. 84ECh. 2 - Prob. 85ECh. 2 - Prob. 86ECh. 2 - 87. Calculate the number of atoms in each...Ch. 2 - 88. Calculate the number of atoms in each...Ch. 2 - 89. Calculate the mass, in grams, of each...Ch. 2 - Prob. 90ECh. 2 - Prob. 91ECh. 2 - Prob. 92ECh. 2 - 93. Calculate the average mass, in grams, of one...Ch. 2 - 94. Using scanning tunneling microscopy,...Ch. 2 - 95. A 7.83 g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H...Ch. 2 - Prob. 96ECh. 2 - 97. The ratio of oxygen to carbon by mass in...Ch. 2 - 98. The ratio of the mass of a nitrogen atom to...Ch. 2 - An particle, 4He2+, has a mass of 4.00151 amu....Ch. 2 - Prob. 100ECh. 2 - Prob. 101ECh. 2 - Prob. 102ECh. 2 - Prob. 103ECh. 2 - Prob. 104ECh. 2 - 105. Fill in the blanks to complete the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 106ECh. 2 - 107. Carbon-12 contains six protons and six...Ch. 2 - 108. A penny has a thickness of approximately 1.0...Ch. 2 - 109. Consider the stack of pennies in the previous...Ch. 2 - Prob. 110ECh. 2 - Prob. 111ECh. 2 - Prob. 112ECh. 2 - 113. A pure copper sphere has a radius of 0.935...Ch. 2 - 116. Boron has only two naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - Prob. 115ECh. 2 - Prob. 116ECh. 2 - Prob. 117ECh. 2 - 120. Naturally occurring chlorine is composed of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 119ECh. 2 - 122. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)...Ch. 2 - 123. Pure gold is usually too soft for jewelry, so...Ch. 2 - Prob. 122ECh. 2 - Prob. 123ECh. 2 - 126. On the previous page is a representation of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 125ECh. 2 - Prob. 126ECh. 2 - Prob. 127ECh. 2 - Prob. 128ECh. 2 - Prob. 129ECh. 2 - 132. Which answer is an example of the law of...Ch. 2 - 133. Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes:...Ch. 2 - 134. As we saw in the previous problem, lithium...Ch. 2 - Prob. 133ECh. 2 - Prob. 134ECh. 2 - Prob. 135E
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- This paper describes the use of fullerene molecules, also known as buckyballs, as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography. The performance of the fullerene-modified stationary phase (FMS) is compared to that of a more common C18 stationary phase and to two other carbon-based stationary phases, PGC and COZ. A. 10A OM B. - Figure 1. Idealized drawing of the cross-section of a pore inside a silica particle, showing the relative densities of aminopropylsilyl (red/green) and fullerene (blue) groups: (A) full cross- section; (B) detailed view of covalent bonding of fullerene to the silica surface. Surface densities of silyl and fullerene groups were inferred from elemental composition results obtained at each stage of the synthesis (see Table 1). Absorbance (mAU, 220 nm) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 a. Define selectivity, a, with words and an equation. b. Explain how the choice of stationary phase affects selectivity. c. Calculate the resolution of the nitrobenzene and toluene peaks in…arrow_forwardNormalized Intensity (a. u.) 0.5 1.0 A 3D-printed GC column (shown below) was created for use with "micro" gas chromatography applications. To prove its utility, it was used to separate a mixture of alkanes (C9-C18, C22, C24). For the separation shown below, the column temperature was ramped from 40 °C to 250 °C at a rate of 30 °C per minute. (a) 9 10 = 1 mm 12 13 15 22 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 Time (sec) a) What detector would you use for this analysis? Justify your selection. b) Explain how the chromatogram would change if the separation was run isothermally. c) Explain how the chromatogram would change if the temperature ramp were increased to 50 °C per minute.arrow_forwardDevise a synthesis of each compound from the indicated starting material. You may also use any organic compounds with one or two carbons and any needed inorganic reagents. a. Brarrow_forward
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