(a) Explanation Given The pH of unpolluted rain is 5.4 . The concentration of carbon dioxide forty years ago is 320 ppm ( 320 × 10 − 6 g ) . Dissociation reaction of H 2 CO 3 is, H 2 CO 3 ( a q ) → H + ( a q ) + HCO 3 − ( a q ) The ICE table for the equilibrium concentration of the H 2 CO 3 , HCO 3 − , and H + is, The equilibrium constant ( K a ) is calculated by the formula, K a = Concentration of product concentration of reactant Substitute the value of concentration of product and concentration of reactant in the above equation, K a = [ H + ] [ HCO 3 − ] [ H 2 CO 3 ] Formula used: K a = Concentration of product concentration of reactant pH = − log [ H + ] Calculation: The pH is calculate by the formula, pH = − log [ H + ] Rearrange the above equation to calculate the value of H + , H + = 10 -pH Substitute the value of pH in the above equation, H + = 10 − 5.4 = 3.98 × 10 − 6 The value of K a for H 2 CO 3 is 4.3 × 10 − 7 (refer to appendix D) Substitute the value of K a , H 2 CO 3 , H + , and HCO 3 − from ICE table in equation(1) , k a = ( x ) ( x ) ( m − x ) Substitute the value of K a , H 2 CO 3 , H + , and HCO 3 − in the above equation , 4.3 × 10 − 7 = ( 3.98 × 10 − 6 ) ( 3.98 × 10 − 6 ) ( m − 3.98 × 10 − 6 ) m = 4.08 × 10 − 5 M The value of m represents the concentration of the H 2 CO 3 . Therefore the concentration of H 2 CO 3 is 4.08 × 10 − 5 M . The number of moles is calculated by the formula, Number of moles = Given mass Molar mass Molar mass of carbon dioxide is, 12 (b) Interpretation Introduction To determine: The volume of CO 2 dissolved in 20 .0 L .

Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

13th Edition

ISBN: 9780321910417

Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 2, Problem 93AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The pH of the unpolluted rain before 40 year.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The volume of CO2 dissolved in 20.0 L .

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Chapter 2, Problem 92AE

Chapter 2, Problem 94AE

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Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

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