Chemistry Atoms First2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172647
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 8E
Predict and test the behavior of a particles fired at a "plum pudding" model atom.
(a) Predict the paths taken by a particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson's plum pudding model structure. Explain why you expect the a particles to take these paths.
(b) If a particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy particle paths. Explain your reasoning.
(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation
(http://openstax.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the "Plum Pudding Atom" tab. Set "Alpha Particles Energy" to "min," and select "show traces." Click on the gun to Start firing a particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or "Reset All." Set "Alpha Particles Energy" to "max," and start firing a particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation.
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Predict and test the behavior of α particles fired at a “plum pudding” model atom.(a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson’s plum pudding model structure.Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths.(b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain your reasoning.(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the “Plum Pudding Atom” tab. Set “Alpha ParticlesEnergy” to “min,” and select “show traces.” Click on the gun to start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button,or “Reset All.” Set “Alpha Particles Energy” to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not,…
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry Atoms First2e
Ch. 2 - In the following drawing, the green spheres...Ch. 2 - Which postulate of Dalton’s theory is consistent...Ch. 2 - Identify the postulate of Dalton’s theory that is...Ch. 2 - Samples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with...Ch. 2 - The existence of isotopes violates one of the...Ch. 2 - How are electrons and protons similar? How are...Ch. 2 - How are protons and neutrons similar? How are they...Ch. 2 - Predict and test the behavior of a particles fired...Ch. 2 - Predict and test the behavior of a particles fired...Ch. 2 - In what way are isotopes of a given element always...
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- In what way are isotopes of a given element always different? In what way(s) are they always the same?arrow_forwardWhat evidence led to the conclusion that cathode rays had a negative charge?arrow_forwardHow can we account for the fact that, in the Rutherford scattering experiment, some of the alpha particles were deflected from their paths through the gold foil, and some were even deflected back at various angles?arrow_forward
- Explain the operation of a cathode-ray tube. Describe the deflection of cathode rays by electrically charged plates placed within the cathode-ray tube. What does this imply about cathode rays?arrow_forwardHow would you expect the chemical properties of isotopes of the same element to compare to each other? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat advantage does the atomic mass unit have over grams when speaking of the mass of an atom or a subatomic particle?arrow_forward
- What are the different kinds of particles in the atoms nucleus? Compare their properties with each other and with those of an electron.arrow_forwardThe Rutherford experiment was performed and its conclusions reached before protons and neutrons were discovered. When they were found, why was it believed that they were in the nucleus of the atom?arrow_forwardhat questions were left unanswered by Rutherford’s experiments?arrow_forward
- Consider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment experiment illustrated in Fig. 2.12. How did the results of this experiment lead Rutherford away from the plum pudding model of the atom to propose the nuclear model of the atom?arrow_forwardPredict and test the behavior of a particles fired at a Rutherford atom model. Predict the paths taken by a particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the particles to take these paths. If a particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy a particle paths. Explain your reasoning. Predict how the paths taken by the particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why? Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/I/16PhetScatter) and select the Rutherford Atom tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select 20 for both protons and neutrons, mm for energy, show traces, and then start firing a particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to max, and start firing a particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select 40 for both protons and neutrons, mm for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of a particles? Be clear and specific.arrow_forwardWhat particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? What is the charge of the nucleus?arrow_forward
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