Bundle: Sustainable Energy, 2nd + Mindtap Engineering, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card
Bundle: Sustainable Energy, 2nd + Mindtap Engineering, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781337896535
Author: Richard A. Dunlap
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 6P

The total world population in 2012 was about 7 billion, and Figure 2.11 shows that at that time the actual world population growth rate was about 1% per year. The figure also shows an anticipated roughly linear decrease in growth rate that extrapolates to zero growth in about the year 2080. Assuming an average growth rate of 0.5% between 2012 and 2080, what would the world population be in 2080? How does this compare with estimates discussed in the text for limits to human population?

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You are working on a 1-km highway extension project that requires the construction of a 4-m tall soil embankment with a top width of 15-m and 2H:1V slopes. A borrow-pit (i.e., a place where soils are excavated, to then be placed elsewhere for construction projects) has been identified with e = 0.74, emax = 0.9, emin = 0.5. To avoid excessive road deformations, the soil will be compacted to a relative density of DR = 90% when placed in the embankment. Your boss estimates that extracting 100,000 m^3 of material from the borrow-pit should be enough for this project. Is your boss correct, or is more material than that needed? To decide, answer these questions: a) What volume of soil, as placed, is required to build the embankment? [Tip: draw the embankment] b) What is the void ratio of the material when placed in the embankment? c) What is the relative density of the material in the borrow-pit? d) When soil is extracted from the borrow-pit and then compacted it the embankment, how do…
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