
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
All the carbon atoms with electron deficient sites have to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Polar molecule: The molecule with atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.
Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.
Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.
The increase in electron density at one position with corresponding decrease in electron density at another position is called resonance effect.
Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.
- If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.
- If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, electrons are not equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in polar covalent bond and withdrawal of electrons takes place.
Withdrawal of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms is called inductive effect.
(b)
Interpretation:
All the carbon atoms with electron deficient sites have to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Polar molecule: The molecule with atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.
Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.
Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.
The increase in electron density at one position with corresponding decrease in electron density at another position is called resonance effect.
Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.
- If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.
- If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, electrons are not equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in polar covalent bond and withdrawal of electrons takes place.
Withdrawal of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms is called inductive effect.
(c)
Interpretation:
All the carbon atoms with electron deficient sites have to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Polar molecule: The molecule with atoms bonded with different electronegativity. Dipole moment is used to measure the polarity of the molecule.
Polarity of a molecule is measured in term of dipole moment.
Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.
The increase in electron density at one position with corresponding decrease in electron density at another position is called resonance effect.
Electronegativity: It is defined as the capacity of the atom to abstract the pair of electrons towards itself results to have high negative charge.
- If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.
- If the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.7, electrons are not equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in polar covalent bond and withdrawal of electrons takes place.
Withdrawal of electrons in a bond in response to electronegativity of nearby atoms is called inductive effect.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic Chemistry Third Edition + Electronic Solutions Manual And Study Guide
- Q5: Label each chiral carbon in the following molecules as R or S. Make sure the stereocenter to which each of your R/S assignments belong is perfectly clear to the grader. (8pts) R OCH 3 CI H S 2pts for each R/S HO R H !!! I OH CI HN CI R Harrow_forwardCalculate the proton and carbon chemical shifts for this structurearrow_forwardA. B. b. Now consider the two bicyclic molecules A. and B. Note that A. is a dianion and B. is a neutral molecule. One of these molecules is a highly reactive compound first characterized in frozen noble gas matrices, that self-reacts rapidly at temperatures above liquid nitrogen temperature. The other compound was isolated at room temperature in the early 1960s, and is a stable ligand used in organometallic chemistry. Which molecule is the more stable molecule, and why?arrow_forward
- A mixture of C7H12O2, C9H9OCl, biphenyl and acetone was put together in a gas chromatography tube. Please decide from the GC resutls which correspond to the peak for C7,C9 and biphenyl and explain the reasoning based on GC results. Eliminate unnecessary peaks from Gas Chromatography results.arrow_forwardIs the molecule chiral, meso, or achiral? CI .CH3 H₂C CIarrow_forwardPLEASE HELP ! URGENT!arrow_forward
- Identify priority of the substituents: CH3arrow_forwardHow many chiral carbons are in the molecule? OH F CI Brarrow_forwardA mixture of three compounds Phen-A, Acet-B and Rin-C was analyzed using TLC with 1:9 ethanol: hexane as the mobile phase. The TLC plate showed three spots of R, 0.1 and 0.2 and 0.3. Which of the three compounds (Phen-A; Acet-B or Rin-C) would have the highest (Blank 1), middle (Blank 2) and lowest (Blank 3) spot respectively? 0 CH: 0 CH, 0 H.C OH H.CN OH Acet-B Rin-C phen-A A A <arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





