Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The smaller parts to which atoms can be broken need to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The atomic model defines atom as a smallest part but according to the modern atomic theory, atoms can be divided. The subatomic particles are protons, electrons and neutrons.
(b)
Interpretation: The difference and similarity between the atoms of hydrogen element needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: According to atomic theory, atoms of same elements have similar properties. The modern atomic theory, introduced the concept of isotopes. The isotope is defined as atoms of same element with different number of neutrons. For them,
(c)
Interpretation: The difference and similarity between the atom of hydrogen and helium needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: According to atomic theory, two atoms of different elements have different properties.
(d)
Interpretation: The difference between hydrogen peroxide and water needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: According to law of multiple proportions, two elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.
(e)
Interpretation: The reason for mass to be conserved in a
Concept Introduction: According to law of conservation of mass, it can neither be created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction.
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Chemical Principles
- Your friend tells you about an article that he read in a tabloid that reported the discovery of a new form of carbon containing eight protons in the nucleus of its atoms. He claims that scientists are eager to explore the properties of this new form of carbon. What is wrong with the tabloid's claim? a. Nothing. The claim is believable. b. The claim must be false because an atom with eight protons would be oxygen, which is already known. c. The claim must be false because all forms of carbon are already known.arrow_forwardDo the proton and the neutron have exactly the same mass? How do the masses of the proton and the neutron compare to the mass of the electron? Which particles make the greatest contribution W the mass of an atom? Which particles make the greatest contribution to the chemical properties of an atom?arrow_forwardWithout consulting your textbook or notes, state as many points as you can of Dalton’s atomic theory. Explain in your own words each point of the theory.arrow_forward
- The Rutherford experiment was performed and its conclusions reached before protons and neutrons were discovered. When they were found, why was it believed that they were in the nucleus of the atom?arrow_forwardOne of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further experimentation than it originally answered. Does this apply to Daltons atomic theory? Give examples.arrow_forwardYou have learned about three different models of the atom: Dalton’s model, Thomson’s model, and Rutherford’s model. What if Dalton was correct? What would Rutherford have expected from his experiments with the metal foil? What if Thomson was correct? What would Rutherford have expected from his experiments with the metal foil?arrow_forward
- One of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further experimentation than it originally answered. How does this apply to Dalton’s atomic theory? Give examples.arrow_forwardState the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory usingyour own words. Which parts of Dalton’s theory werelater found to be erronous? Explain why.arrow_forwardWhy is it important to understand atoms?arrow_forward
- A fundamental idea of Daltons atomic theory is that atoms of an element can be neither created nor destroyed. We now know that this is not always true. Specifically, it is not true for uranium and lead atoms as they appear in nature. Are the numbers of these atoms increasing or decreasing? Explain.arrow_forwardConsider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment experiment illustrated in Fig. 2.12. How did the results of this experiment lead Rutherford away from the plum pudding model of the atom to propose the nuclear model of the atom?arrow_forwardThomson and Rutherford helped to show that atoms consist of three types of subatomic particles, two of which are charged. What if subatomic particles had no charge? How would this affect what you have learned?arrow_forward
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