Organic Chemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781118133576
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig Fryhle
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 45P
Analyze the statement: For a molecule to be polar, the presence of polar bonds is necessary, but it is not a sufficient requirement.
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Suppose that a molecule has four bonding groups and one lone pair on the central atom. Suppose further that the molecule is confined to two dimensions (this is a purely hypothetical assumption for the sake of understanding the principles behind VSEPR theory). Make a sketch of the molecule and estimate the bond angles.
Is it possible for a molecule with polar bonds to be non-polar? Why or why not?
Suppose that a molecule has four bonding groups and one lone pair on the central atom. Suppose further that the molecule is confined to two dimensions (this is a purely hypothetical assumption for the sake of understanding the principles behind VSEPR theory). Draw the molecule and estimate the bond angles.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 2 - PRACTICE PROBLEM
2.1 Cyclobutadiene (below) is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2PPCh. 2 - Prob. 3PPCh. 2 - Prob. 4PPCh. 2 - Prob. 5PPCh. 2 - Practice Problem 2.6
Using a three-dimensional...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.7
Trichloromethane (, also...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8PPCh. 2 - Prob. 9PPCh. 2 - Practice Problem 2.10
Write bond-line structural...
Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.11 Although we shall discuss...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.12 Write bond-line structural...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13PPCh. 2 - Practice Problem 2.14
One way of naming ethers is...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.15 Eugenol is the main...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.16
One way of naming amines is...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.17 Which amines in Practice...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18PPCh. 2 - Prob. 19PPCh. 2 - Practice Problem 2.20
Write bond-line formulas for...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.21
Write bond-line formulas for...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.22
Write bond-line formulas for...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PPCh. 2 - Practice Problem 2.24 Write another resonance...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25PPCh. 2 - Practice Problem 2.26
Which compound would you...Ch. 2 - Practice Problem 2.27 Arrange the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28PPCh. 2 - Prob. 29PCh. 2 - Identify all of the functional groups in each of...Ch. 2 - 2.31 There are four alkyl bromides with the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32PCh. 2 - Classify the following alcohols as primary,...Ch. 2 - 2.34 Classify the following amines as primary,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 35PCh. 2 - Identify all of the functional groups in Crixivan,...Ch. 2 - 2.37 Identify all of the functional groups in...Ch. 2 - 2.38 (a) Indicate the hydrophobic and hydrophilic...Ch. 2 - Hydrogen fluoride has a dipole moment of 1.83 D;...Ch. 2 - 2.40 Why does one expect the cis isomer of an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 41PCh. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - Prob. 43PCh. 2 - 2.44 Consider each of the following molecules in...Ch. 2 - Analyze the statement: For a molecule to be polar,...Ch. 2 - 2.46 Which compound in each of the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 47PCh. 2 - The IR spectrum of propanoic acid (Fig. 2.16)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 49PCh. 2 - Write structural formulas for four compounds with...Ch. 2 - There are four amides with the formula C3H7NO. (a)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52PCh. 2 - Prob. 53PCh. 2 - Prob. 54PCh. 2 - Prob. 55PCh. 2 - 2.56 Compound C is asymmetric, has molecular...Ch. 2 - 2.57 Examine the diagram showing an -helical...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1LGPCh. 2 - Prob. 2LGPCh. 2 - Prob. 3LGPCh. 2 - Consider the molecular formula C4H8O2. Predict...Ch. 2 - Consider the molecular formula C4H8O2. If any of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6LGPCh. 2 - Consider the molecular formula.
7. Pick five...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8LGP
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- What aspect of the following Lewis structure indicates that the concept of coordinate covalency is needed to explain the bonding in the molecule?arrow_forwardDefine the dipole moment for the molecule?arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules do you believe would be the most polar? Give VSEPR diagrams with dipole moments labeled to justify your answer. ( GeO, PH3 PF, CF,CI CSH,arrow_forward
- Why is the concept of hybridization important in understanding bond angle and polarity? Explain thoroughly.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the dipole moment and bond moment? Explain it with examples, how is it possible for a molecule to have bond moments and yet be nonpolar?arrow_forwardDescribe the basic features of the VSEPR model of bonding and explain why the repulsion decreases in the following order: lone pair - lone pair > lone pair - bonding pair > bonding pair - bonding pair.arrow_forward
- A hypothetical molecule has the following formula XY2. The B-P bonds are polar covalent, with B being most electronegative, however the molecule itself is non polar. What molecular geometry(ies) are possible for this molecule. Use 3-D drawings to explain.arrow_forwardDescribe the effect of a lone pair of electrons has on the bond angles in a molecule. Give examples to support your explanation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules do you believe would be the most polar? Give VSEPR diagrams with dipole moments labeled to justify your answer. PF3 CF;CI CSH, PH3 GeO,arrow_forward
- What effect does the presence of lone-pair electrons have on the bond angles in a molecule?arrow_forwardWhich statement best captures the fundamental idea behind VSEPR theory? Explain what is wrong with the statements you do not choose. a. The angle between two or more bonds is determined primarily by the repulsions between the electrons within those bonds and other (lone pair) electrons on the central atom of a molecule. Each of these electron groups (bonding electrons or lone pair electrons) lowers its potential energy by maximizing its separation from other electron groups, thus determining the geometry of the molecule. b. The angle between two or more bonds is determined primarily by the repulsions between the electrons within those bonds. Each of these bonding electrons lowers its potential energy by maximizing its separation from other electron groups, thus determining the geometry of the molecule. c. The geometry of a molecule is determined by the shapes of the overlapping orbitals that form the chemical bonds. Therefore, to determine the geometry of a molecule, you must determine…arrow_forwardWhat is the relation between dipole moment and bond moment?explain it with example. How is it possible for a molecule to have bond moments and yet be non polararrow_forward
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