Among 15 different structures of the molecular formula C 4 H 8 O 2 , one example each using the dash format, the condensed format, the bond-line format, and the three-dimensional format are to be provided and the remaining structures in any format are to be written. Concept Introduction: In dash line formula, all the symbols of atoms and the bonding electron pair lines are shown. In a condensed format, the symbols of atoms are listed in the order as they appear in the structure of the molecule without bond lines or dashes. In bond-line formula, the bonds between the atoms are drawn in a zigzag format and every end point is considered a carbon atom. In three-dimensional representations of any molecule, the bonds in the plane of a paper are represented using ordinary lines, the bonds in front of the paper are indicated by solid wedges, whereas the bonds behind the paper are indicated by dashed wedges.

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 2LGP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among 15 different structures of the molecular formula C4H8O2, one example each using the dash format, the condensed format, the bond-line format, and the three-dimensional format are to be provided and the remaining structures in any format are to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In dash line formula, all the symbols of atoms and the bonding electron pair lines are shown.

In a condensed format, the symbols of atoms are listed in the order as they appear in the structure of the molecule without bond lines or dashes.

In bond-line formula, the bonds between the atoms are drawn in a zigzag format and every end point is considered a carbon atom.

In three-dimensional representations of any molecule, the bonds in the plane of a paper are represented using ordinary lines, the bonds in front of the paper are indicated by solid wedges, whereas the bonds behind the paper are indicated by dashed wedges.

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Select the bonds in the 3D representation of methyl urethane below that are multiple bonds. (Hint: Consider the number of bonds attached to an atom in the image compared to the normal valence of that atom. In a valid structure, the number of bonds to an atom will equal the valence of that atom.) • Gray = C: white = H; red = 0; blue = N; dark green = Cl; brown = Br; light green = F; purple = 1; yellow = S: orange = P. • Double click to select bonds. You can zoom in and out using the mouse scroll wheel (or pinch to zoom on touch screens). ●

These two different C2H6O compounds are called structural (or constitutional) isomers - compounds with the same molecular formula but with different connections among their constituent atoms. If you must break and make new bonds in order to convert one structure into the other (not simply rotate the model around), then they are structural isomers. The concept of isomers is very important in organic chemistry and biochemistry. This is also another instance where condensed formulas can be very useful because they can help you distinguish two isomers apart even when you don't have models. Exercise 8) Can your models be interconverted by rotating bonds, or must the bonds be broken first? What does that mean about these two structures?

Draw the shapes of the following molecules and ions in 3-dimension. Show clearly any lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, state the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on the central atom and name the shape of the molecule or ion. (a) CH3+, methyl carbocation (b) HOBr, bromic (I) acid (c) NCl3, nitrogen trichloride Provide everything stated in the instructions for each compound.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 2LGP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among 15 different structures of the molecular formula C4H8O2, one example each using the dash format, the condensed format, the bond-line format, and the three-dimensional format are to be provided and the remaining structures in any format are to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In dash line formula, all the symbols of atoms and the bonding electron pair lines are shown.

In a condensed format, the symbols of atoms are listed in the order as they appear in the structure of the molecule without bond lines or dashes.

In bond-line formula, the bonds between the atoms are drawn in a zigzag format and every end point is considered a carbon atom.

In three-dimensional representations of any molecule, the bonds in the plane of a paper are represented using ordinary lines, the bonds in front of the paper are indicated by solid wedges, whereas the bonds behind the paper are indicated by dashed wedges.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 2LGP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Among 15 different structures of the molecular formula C4H8O2, one example each using the dash format, the condensed format, the bond-line format, and the three-dimensional format are to be provided and the remaining structures in any format are to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In dash line formula, all the symbols of atoms and the bonding electron pair lines are shown.

In a condensed format, the symbols of atoms are listed in the order as they appear in the structure of the molecule without bond lines or dashes.

In bond-line formula, the bonds between the atoms are drawn in a zigzag format and every end point is considered a carbon atom.

In three-dimensional representations of any molecule, the bonds in the plane of a paper are represented using ordinary lines, the bonds in front of the paper are indicated by solid wedges, whereas the bonds behind the paper are indicated by dashed wedges.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 2LGP

Interpretation Introduction