Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science

14th Edition

ISBN: 9780134554075

Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, James C. Hill

Publisher: PEARSON

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Atoms and Molecules

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that possesses all the properties of that particular element. Molecules are the smallest unit of a substance that possess all the properties of that particular substance.

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Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 40E

Mass spectrometry is more often applied to molecules than to atoms. We will see in Chapter
3 D that the molecular weight of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the
molecule. The mass spectrum of H2 is taken under conditions that prevent decomposition into H
atoms. The two naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen are 1H
(atomic mass = 1.00783 amu; abundance 99.9885 %) and
2H (atomic mass = 2.01410 amu; abundance 0.0115 95).

a. How many peaks will the mass spectrum have?

b. Give the relative atomic masses of each of these peaks.

c. Which peak will be the largest, and which the smallest?

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Chapter 2, Problem 39E

Chapter 2, Problem 41E

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science

Ch. 2.3 - Which of the following factors determines the size...Ch. 2.3 - Practice Exercise 2 The diameter of a cartoon atom...Ch. 2.3 - Practice Exercise 1 Which of these atoms has the...Ch. 2.3 - Practice Exercise 2 How many protons, neutrons,...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.3.1PE Ch. 2.3 - Practice Exercise 2 Give the complete chemical...Ch. 2.4 - Practice Exercise 1 There are two stable isotopes...Ch. 2.4 - Practice Exercise 2 Three isotopes of silicon...Ch. 2.5 - Practice Exercise 1 A biochemist who is studying...Ch. 2.5 - Practice Exercise 2 Locate Na (sodium) and Br...

Ch. 2.6 - Practice Exercise 1 Tetra carbon dioxide is an...Ch. 2.6 - Practice Exercise 2 Give the empirical formula for...Ch. 2.7 - Practice Exercise 1 In which of the following...Ch. 2.7 - Practice Exercise 2 How many protons, neutrons,...Ch. 2.7 - Practice Exercise 1 Although it is helpful to...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.8.2PE Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.9.1PE Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.9.2PE Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.10.1PE Ch. 2.7 - Practice Exercise 2 Write the empirical formula...Ch. 2.8 - Practice Exercise 1 Which of the follow-mg ox...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.11.2PE Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12.1PE Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12.2PE Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.13.1PE Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.13.2PE Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.14.1PE Ch. 2.8 - Practice Exercise 2 Give the chemical fomi uias...Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 2.15.1PE Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 2.15.2PE Ch. 2 - Prob. 1E Ch. 2 - The followmg diagram is a representation of 20...Ch. 2 - 2 3 Four of the boxes in the following periodic...Ch. 2 - 24 Does the following drawing represent a neutral...Ch. 2 - 2.5 Which of the following diagrams most likely...Ch. 2 - Write the chemical formula for the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7E Ch. 2 - Prob. 8E Ch. 2 - 2.9 Are these two compounds isomers? Explain....Ch. 2 - 2.10 In the Millikan oil-drop experiment (see...Ch. 2 - A 1.0-g sample of carbon dioxide (002) is fully...Ch. 2 - Hydrogen sulfide is composed of two elements:...Ch. 2 - A chemist finds that 30.82 g of nitrogen will...Ch. 2 - 2 . 14 In a series at exper'ments. a chemist...Ch. 2 - 215 Which of the three subatomic particles was...Ch. 2 - 2.16 An unknown particle is caused to move between...Ch. 2 - 2.17 What fraction of α particle in Rutherford’s...Ch. 2 - it 18 Millikan determined the charge on the...Ch. 2 - The radius of an atom of gold (Au) is about 1.35 Å...Ch. 2 - 220 An atom of rhodium (Rh) has a diameter of...Ch. 2 - 2.21 Answer the following questions without...Ch. 2 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 2 - Consider an atom of "B. a. How many protons,...Ch. 2 - Consider an atom of 63Cu. a. How many protons,...Ch. 2 - 2.25 3. Define atomic number and mass number b....Ch. 2 - 2 26 Which two of the following are isotopes of...Ch. 2 - How many ptotons, neutrons, and electrons are in...Ch. 2 - 2-28 Each of the following isotopes is used in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29E Ch. 2 - Fill in the gaps in the following table, assuming...Ch. 2 - Write the correct symbol, with both superscript...Ch. 2 - One way in which Earth's evolution as a planet can...Ch. 2 - 2.33 a. What isotope is used as the standard in...Ch. 2 - 2.34 a. What is the mass in amu of a carbon-12...Ch. 2 - Only two isotopes of copper occur naturally:63Cu...Ch. 2 - 2.36 Rubidium has two naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - a. Thomson’s cathode-ray tube (Figure 2.49) and...Ch. 2 - 2.38 Consider the mass spectrometer shown in...Ch. 2 - Naturally occurring magnesium has the following...Ch. 2 - Mass spectrometry is more often applied to...Ch. 2 - 2-41 For each of the following elements, write its...Ch. 2 - Locate each of the following elements in the...Ch. 2 - 2-43 For each of the following elements, write its...Ch. 2 - 2.44 The elements of group 4A show an interesting...Ch. 2 - 2.45 The structural formulas of the compounds...Ch. 2 - 2.46 Ball-and-stick representations of benzene, a...Ch. 2 - 2447 What are the molecular and empirical formulas...Ch. 2 - 2.48 Two substances have the same molecular and...Ch. 2 - 2.49 Write the empirical formula corresponding to...Ch. 2 - Determine the molecular and empirical formulas of...Ch. 2 - 251 How many hydrogen atoms are un each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52E Ch. 2 - 253 Write the molecular and structural formulas...Ch. 2 - 2-54 Write the molecular and structural formulas...Ch. 2 - Fill in the gaps in the following table’Ch. 2 - 2.56 Fill in the gaps in the following...Ch. 2 - Each of the following elements is capable of...Ch. 2 - Using the periodic table, predict the charges of...Ch. 2 - 2.59 Using the periodic table to guide you,...Ch. 2 - 2-60 The most common charge associated with...Ch. 2 - 2.61 Predict the chemical formula for the ionic...Ch. 2 - Predict the chemical formulas of the compounds...Ch. 2 - Prob. 63E Ch. 2 - Prob. 64E Ch. 2 - Predict whether each of the following compounds is...Ch. 2 - 2.66 Which of the following are ionic, and which...Ch. 2 - Prob. 67E Ch. 2 - Prob. 68E Ch. 2 - 2.69 Give the names and charges of the cation and...Ch. 2 - Give the names and charges of the cation and anion...Ch. 2 - 2.71 Name the following ionic compounds: a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 72E Ch. 2 - 2.73 Write the chemical formulas for the...Ch. 2 - Give the chemical formula for each of the...Ch. 2 - 2.75 Give the name or chemical formula, as...Ch. 2 - Prob. 76E Ch. 2 - 2.T Give the name or Chemical formula, as...Ch. 2 - The oxides of nitrogen are very important...Ch. 2 - Prob. 79E Ch. 2 - Assume that you encounter the following sentences...Ch. 2 - a. What is a hydrocarbon? b. Pentane is the alkane...Ch. 2 - 2.82 a. What is meant by the term isomer? b. Among...Ch. 2 - 2.83 What is a functional group? What functional...Ch. 2 - 2.84 Consider the following organic substances:...Ch. 2 - 2.85 Chloropropane is derived from propane by...Ch. 2 - 2.86 Draw the structural formulas for three...Ch. 2 - Suppose a scientist repeats the Millikan oil-drop...Ch. 2 - 2.88 The natural abundance of 3He is...Ch. 2 - A cube of gold that is 1.00 cm on a side has a...Ch. 2 - 2.90 The diameter of a rubidium atom is 4.95 A....Ch. 2 - 2.91 Assuming the dimensions of the nucleus and...Ch. 2 - 2.92 Identify the element reoresented by the each...Ch. 2 - 2.93 The nucleus of 6Li is a powerful absorber of...Ch. 2 - The element oxygen has three naturally occurring...Ch. 2 - The element lead (Pb) consists of four naturally...Ch. 2 - 2.96 Gallium (Ga) consists of two naturally...Ch. 2 - Using a suitable reference such as the CRC...Ch. 2 - There are two different isotopes of bromine atoms....Ch. 2 - 2.99 It is common in mass spectrometry to assume...Ch. 2 - From the following list of elements—Ar, H, Ga, Al,...Ch. 2 - 2.101 The first atoms of seaborgium (Sg) were...Ch. 2 - 2.102 The explosion of an atomic bomb releases...Ch. 2 - 2.103. A U.S. 1-cent coin (a penny) has a...Ch. 2 - 2.104 The U.S. Mint produces a dollar coin called...Ch. 2 - 2.105 From the molecular structures shown here,...Ch. 2 - 2.106 Name each of the following oxides. Assuming...Ch. 2 - Prob. 107AE Ch. 2 - 2.108 Cyclopropane is an interesting hydrocarbon....Ch. 2 - Prob. 109AE Ch. 2 - Prob. 110AE Ch. 2 - Give the chemical names of each of the following...Ch. 2 - 2.112 Many familiar substances have common,...Ch. 2 - 2.113 Because many ions and compounds have very...Ch. 2 - 2.114 In what part of the atom does the strong...

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