Evolution
Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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