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Concept explainers
To analyze:
In a sample of
a. By calculating the chi-square analysis, check whether the number of children with CF in these families are reliable to the expected ratio?
b. Under expectations of binomial probability, what is the expected distribution of CF children in families with
c. Under expectations of binomial probability, is the above distribution of CF children in families with
Introduction:
In genetic crosses, to determine whether the data is significant or whether it fits in any of the Mendelian ratios, the Chi-square test
The test is performed in a series of steps- 1. Hypotheses (Null and Alternative), 2.Calculating chi-square test statistic, 3. Determine the Degree of Freedom df and p-value, 4. The decision about the null hypothesis, 5.Conclusion.
The formula for test statistics
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
- The following genetic map describes three hypothetical human autosomal genes, each of which exhibits two alleles. Two-factor map distances are shown. A = Artistic (dominant) a = Inartistic (recessive) M = Moral (dominant) m = Immoral (recessive) G = Generous (dominant) g = Greedy (recessive) Assume that these traits exhibit simple Mendelian dominance/recessiveness. The coefficient of coincidence for this map is 0.4. An artistic, moral, generous heterozygous female of genotype AMG/amg marries an inartistic, immoral, greedy homozygous male of genotype amg/amg. What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, immoral and greedy? What is the probability that their firstborn child will be inartistic, moral and generous? What is the probability that their firstborn child will be artistic, immoral and generous?arrow_forwardBased on the previous question (PpYyRr * Ppyyrr), compute the following probabilities. SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONSarrow_forwardAs it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam Guards had an unquenchable attraction to short women. During his tenure as guard, he had numerous clandestine affairs. In each case, children resulted. Subsequently, some of the childrenwho had no way of knowing that they were relatedmarried and had children of their own. Assume that two pairs of genes determine height. The genotype of the 7-foot-tall Potsdam Guard was A9A9B9B9, and the genotype of all of his 5-foot clandestine lovers was AABB. An A9 or B9 allele in the offspring each adds 6 inches to the base height of 5 feet conferred by the AABB genotype. a. What were the genotypes and phenotypes of all the F1 children? b. Diagram the cross between the F1 offspring, and give all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 progenyarrow_forward
- There are two types of alleles: Type B1 and Type B2 (In total there are 10) Type B1 has 6 Type B2 has 4 Question: What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [p^2] for B1? What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [q^2] for B2? What is the probability of an individual in the offspring gen being heterozygous[2pq]?arrow_forwardConnection to Quantitative traits: SNPs are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and are often polygenic in nature. We can think of SNPs in terms of either contributing or non-contributing alleles. A study of SNPs correlated with heart disease has shown that heart problems are severe if 9 or more of the alleles at 6 loci are of the contributing variety. What is the probability the following parents will have a child that is susceptible heart disease? AaBbccDDEEFf x AaBbCCDdEeffarrow_forwardAchondroplasia is a hereditary condition caused by a dominant allele in humans (dominant allele A). This disorder affects bone growth specifically in long bones of the upper and lower limbs by preventing the ossification of bones from cartilage. Determine the genotypes of the parents and offspring for the following family scenarios in a and b below. One parent with the Achondroplasia phenotype and a normal parent have 2 children. Both children have the Achondroplasia phenotype NOTE: You must draw a Punnet square to determine the possible genotypes of te children. When two alternative genotypes are possible for an individual, indicate both.arrow_forward
- Given the following pedigree: Is the trait autosomal or sex-linked? Is the trait dominant or recessive? Based only on the information given, what is the probability that I-2 is heterozygous? Give the genotypes of individuals II-3, II-4. What is the probability that individual III-1 is purebreeding?arrow_forwardIn addition to the allelic pair determining pattern baldness in man (B,b), consider early baldness to be due to another autosomal allele (E) on a different pair of chromosomes and also dominant in males but recessive in females. The phenotype for ee may be late or nonbaldness depending on sex and the genotype for B, b alleles. Two doubly heterozygous persons marry. What is the phenotype of the male parent? What is the phenotype of the female parent? Give the phenotypic ratio expected among male children of couples such as this one. Show corresponding genotypes for each phenotype mentioned in your phenotypic ratio. Give the phenotypic ratio expected among female children of couples such as this one. Show corresponding genotypes for each phenotype mentioned in your phenotypic ratio.arrow_forwardIf the frequency of those exhibiting a monogenic autosomal recessive phenotype caused by a rare clinically relevant allele is 1/9250 in a given population, what is the carrier frequency? Please give your answer as a percentage to 3 decimal places, do not include the % symbol.arrow_forward
- Please calculate the Chi-square valuearrow_forwardWhat is the mathematical expression for the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this statistical distribution the same as the statistical distribution of the respective phenotypes?arrow_forwardA human disease example in which a dominant allele that is lethal in homozygous state is Huntington’s. A person that is heterozygous for Huntington’s disease and a normal individual had four children together. What is your expected outcome for the surviving children (ratio-wise for the genotype)? What is the percentage of the children that are expected to survive? Draw a punnett square to support your answer provide full explanation pls!arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
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