Chapter 2, Problem 2.66P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason monatomic ions of groups $1\text{A}\left(1\right)$ and $7\text{A}\left(17\right)$ differ from each other is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A periodic table is an arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, properties, and electronic configuration. The table is arranged into groups and periods. The elements which are metallic in nature, occupy the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals occupy the small upper-right portion of the table. Metalloids like along the staircase line. Elements which appear in the same group have similar behavior.

The charged species are called ions. Ions carrying positive charge are called cations and the ions carrying negative charge are called anions. Cations are formed by loss of electrons from a neutral atom.

$\text{X}\to \underset{\text{cation}}{{\text{X}}^{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}$

Anions are formed by a gain of an electron by a neutral atom.

$\text{X}+{\text{e}}^{-}\to \underset{\text{anion}}{{\text{X}}^{-}}$