Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify / classify the given elements as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Argon.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Argon: non metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Argon: It is a non metal and it cannot lose electron easily.
(b)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Boron.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Boron: metalloid.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Boron: metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.
(c)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Lead.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Lead: Metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Lead: Metal (
(d)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Arsenic.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Arsenic: Metalloid.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Arsenic: Metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.
(e)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Potassium.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Potassium: metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Potassium: metal (alkali metals can easily lose outermost electron to gain noble gas configuration).
(f)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Silicon.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Silicon: metalloid.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Silicon: metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.
(g)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Iodine.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Iodine: non metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Iodine: non metal, need one electron to attain noble gas configuration so have high electron gain enthalpy (negative).
(h)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Antimony.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Antimony: metalloid.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Antimony: metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.
(i)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Vanadium.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Vanadium: metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Vanadium: Metal (transition metals have low ionization potential and are metals).
(j)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Sulfur.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Sulfur: non metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Sulfur: non metal, cannot lose electron easily.
(k)
Interpretation:
Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.
Nitrogen.
Concept Introduction:
In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.
Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.
Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.
Answer to Problem 2.48P
Nitrogen: non metal.
Explanation of Solution
The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.
Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.
On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.
Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.
Nitrogen: non metal, cannot lose electron easily.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th
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