Chapter 2, Problem 2.19QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of neutrons, protons and electrons in the given atoms is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The center of the atom is known as nucleus which consists of neutrons and protons. The electron revolves around the nucleus in different orbits.

To determine: The number of neutrons, protons and electrons in ${}^{14}\text{C}$.

Answer to Problem 2.19QP

Solution

The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{8}$, $\underset{\_}{6}$ and $\underset{\_}{6}$, respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of ${}^{14}\text{C}$ is $6$ and mass number is $14$.

The number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Number}\text{of}\text{neutrons}=\text{Atomic}\text{mass}-\text{Atomic}\text{number}$

Substitute value of atomic number and mass number in above formula,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Number}\text{of}\text{Neutrons}=14-16\\ =8\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of neutrons are $\underset{\_}{8}$.

The number of proton is equal to the atomic number of element. Therefore, the number of protons in ${}^{14}\text{C}$ are $\underset{\_}{6}$.

The number of electrons is equal to atomic number or number of protons for a neutral atom. Therefore, the number of electrons in ${}^{14}\text{C}$ are $\underset{\_}{6}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of neutrons, protons and electrons in a given atom.

Answer to Problem 2.19QP

Solution

The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{33}$, $\underset{\_}{26}$ and $\underset{\_}{26}$, respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of ${}^{59}\text{Fe}$ is $26$ and mass number is $59$.

The number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Number}\text{of}\text{neutrons}=\text{Atomic}\text{mass}-\text{Atomic}\text{number}$

Substitute value of atomic number and mass number in above formula,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Number}\text{of}\text{Neutrons}=59-26\\ =33\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of neutrons are $\underset{\_}{33}$.

The number of proton is equal to the atomic number of element. Therefore, the number of protons in ${}^{59}\text{Fe}$ are $\underset{\_}{26}$.

The number of electrons is equal to atomic number or number of protons for a neutral atom. Therefore, the number of electrons in ${}^{59}\text{Fe}$ are $\underset{\_}{26}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of neutrons, protons and electrons in a given atom.

Answer to Problem 2.19QP

Solution

The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{52}$, $\underset{\_}{38}$ and $\underset{\_}{38}$, respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of ${}^{90}\text{Sr}$ is $38$ and mass number is $90$.

The number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Number}\text{of}\text{neutrons}=\text{Atomic}\text{mass}-\text{Atomic}\text{number}$

Substitute value of atomic number and mass number in above formula,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Number}\text{of}\text{Neutrons}=90-38\\ =52\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of neutrons are $\underset{\_}{52}$.

The number of proton is equal to the atomic number of element. Therefore, the number of protons in ${}^{90}\text{Sr}$ are $\underset{\_}{38}$.

The number of electrons is equal to atomic number or number of protons. Therefore, the number of electrons in ${}^{90}\text{Sr}$ are $\underset{\_}{38}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of neutrons, protons and electrons in a given atom.

Answer to Problem 2.19QP

Solution

The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{128}$, $\underset{\_}{82}$ and $\underset{\_}{82}$, respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of ${}^{210}\text{Pb}$ is $82$ and mass number is $210$.

The number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Number}\text{of}\text{neutrons}=\text{Atomic}\text{mass}-\text{Atomic}\text{number}$

Substitute value of atomic number and mass number in above formula,

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Number}\text{of}\text{Neutrons}=210-82\\ =128\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of neutrons are $\underset{\_}{128}$.

The number of proton is equal to the atomic number of element. Therefore, the number of protons in ${}^{210}\text{Pb}$ are $\underset{\_}{82}$.

The number of electrons is equal to atomic number or number of protons. Therefore, the number of electrons in ${}^{210}\text{Pb}$ are $\underset{\_}{82}$.

Conclusion

1. a. The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{8}$, $\underset{\_}{6}$ and $\underset{\_}{6}$, respectively.
2. b. The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{33}$, $\underset{\_}{26}$ and $\underset{\_}{26}$, respectively.
3. c. The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{52}$, $\underset{\_}{38}$ and $\underset{\_}{38}$, respectively.
4. d. The number of neutrons, number of protons and number of electrons for the given atom are $\underset{\_}{128}$, $\underset{\_}{82}$ and $\underset{\_}{82}$, respectively