General Chemistry

11th Edition

ISBN: 9781305859142

Author: Ebbing, Darrell D., Gammon, Steven D.

Publisher: Cengage Learning,

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Atoms and Molecules

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that possesses all the properties of that particular element. Molecules are the smallest unit of a substance that possess all the properties of that particular substance.

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Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.158QP

The element europium exists in nature as two isotopes: ¹⁵¹Eu has a mass of 150.9196 amu, and ¹⁵³Eu has a mass of 152.9209 amu. The average atomic mass of europium is 151.96 amu.

a. Calculate the relative abundance of the two europium isotopes.
b. Graph each fractional abundance value as a y-axis value in association with its corresponding mass value on the x-axis. Starting from each x-axis value, where y = 0, draw a vertical line up to the fractional abundance value. The result will approximate the type of visual graph a mass spectrometer would yield for europium in the 150–155 amu range.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 2.1 - Like Dalton, chemists continue to model atoms...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2.2CC Ch. 2.3 - A nucleus consists of 17 protons and 18 neutrons....Ch. 2.4 - Chlorine consists of the following isotopes:...Ch. 2.5 - By referring to the periodic table (Figure 2.15 or...Ch. 2.5 - Consider the elements He, Ne, and Ar. Can you come...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 2.4E Ch. 2.6 - Classify each of the following as either an ionic...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.5CC Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.5E

Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.6E Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.6CC Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.7E Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.8E Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.9E Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.10E Ch. 2.8 - Washing soda has the formula Na2CO310H2O. What is...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12E Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.7CC Ch. 2.10 - Prob. 2.13E Ch. 2 - Describe atomic theory and discuss how it explains...Ch. 2 - Two compounds of iron and chlorine, A and B,...Ch. 2 - Explain the operation of a cathode-ray tube....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.4QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.5QP Ch. 2 - What are the different kinds of particles in the...Ch. 2 - Describe how protons and neutrons were discovered...Ch. 2 - Oxygen consists of three different _____, each...Ch. 2 - Describe how Dalton obtained relative atomic...Ch. 2 - Briefly explain how a mass spectrometer works....Ch. 2 - Define the term atomic weight. Why might the...Ch. 2 - What is the name of the element in Group 4A and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.13QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.14QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.15QP Ch. 2 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.17QP Ch. 2 - Which of the following models represent a(n): a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.19QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.20QP Ch. 2 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in...Ch. 2 - The atomic weight of Ga is 69.72 amu. There are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.23QP Ch. 2 - A chunk of an unidentified element (lets call it...Ch. 2 - Average Atomic Weight Part 1: Consider the four...Ch. 2 - Model of the Atom Consider the following...Ch. 2 - One of the early models of the atom proposed that...Ch. 2 - A friend is trying to balance the following...Ch. 2 - Given that the periodic table is an organizational...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.30QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.31QP Ch. 2 - Match the molecular model with the correct...Ch. 2 - Consider a hypothetical case in which the charge...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.34QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.35QP Ch. 2 - You perform a chemical reaction using the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.37QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.38QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.39QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.40QP Ch. 2 - A student has determined the mass-to-charge ratio...Ch. 2 - The mass-to-charge ratio for the positive ion F+...Ch. 2 - The following table gives the number of protons...Ch. 2 - The following table gives the number of protons...Ch. 2 - Naturally occurring chlorine is a mixture of the...Ch. 2 - Naturally occurring nitrogen is a mixture of 14N...Ch. 2 - What is the nuclide symbol for the nucleus that...Ch. 2 - An atom contains 34 protons and 45 neutrons. What...Ch. 2 - Ammonia is a gas with a characteristic pungent...Ch. 2 - Hydrogen sulfide is a gas with the odor of rotten...Ch. 2 - Calculate the atomic weight of an element with two...Ch. 2 - An element has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - An element has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - An element has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - While traveling to a distant universe, you...Ch. 2 - While roaming a parallel universe, you discover...Ch. 2 - Identify the group and period for each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.58QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.59QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.60QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.61QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.62QP Ch. 2 - The normal form of the element sulfur is a...Ch. 2 - White phosphorus is available in sticks, which...Ch. 2 - A 4.19-g sample of nitrous oxide (an anesthetic,...Ch. 2 - Nitric acid is composed of HNO3 molecules. A...Ch. 2 - A sample of ammonia, NH3, contains 1.2 1023...Ch. 2 - A sample of ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H3OH,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.69QP Ch. 2 - What molecular formula corresponds to each of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.71QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.72QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.73QP Ch. 2 - Ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4, has how many oxygen...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.75QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.76QP Ch. 2 - Name the following compounds. a Na2SO4 b Na3N c...Ch. 2 - Name the following compounds. a CaO b Mn2O3 c...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.79QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.80QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.81QP Ch. 2 - For each of the following binary compounds, decide...Ch. 2 - Give systematic names to the following binary...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.84QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.85QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.86QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.87QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.88QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.89QP Ch. 2 - Give the name and formula of the acid...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.91QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.92QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.93QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.94QP Ch. 2 - For the balanced chemical equation Ca(NO3)2 +...Ch. 2 - In the equation 2PbS + O2 2PbO + 2SO2, how many...Ch. 2 - Balance the following equations. a Sn + NaOH ...Ch. 2 - Balance the following equations. a Ca3(PO4)2 +...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.99QP Ch. 2 - Solid sodium metal reacts with water, giving a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.101QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.102QP Ch. 2 - Two samples of different compounds of nitrogen and...Ch. 2 - Two samples of different compounds of sulfur and...Ch. 2 - In a series of oil-drop experiments, the charges...Ch. 2 - In a hypothetical universe, an oil-drop experiment...Ch. 2 - Compounds of europium. Eu, are used to make color...Ch. 2 - Cesium, Cs, is used in photoelectric cells...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.109QP Ch. 2 - One isotope of a metallic element has mass number...Ch. 2 - Obtain the fractional abundances for the two...Ch. 2 - Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes, one...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.113QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.114QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.115QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.116QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.117QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.118QP Ch. 2 - Name the following compounds. a Sn3(PO4)2 b NH4NO2...Ch. 2 - Name the following compounds. a Cu(NO2)3 b (NH4)3P...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.121QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.122QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.123QP Ch. 2 - Name the following molecular compounds a ClF4 b...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.125QP Ch. 2 - Balance the following equations. a NaOH + H2CO3 ...Ch. 2 - A monatomic ion has a charge of +4. The nucleus of...Ch. 2 - A monatomic ion has a charge of +1. The nucleus of...Ch. 2 - Natural carbon, which has an atomic weight of...Ch. 2 - A sample of natural chlorine, has an atomic weight...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.131QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.132QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.133QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.134QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.135QP Ch. 2 - Ammonia gas reacts with molecular oxygen gas to...Ch. 2 - A hypothetical element X is found to have an...Ch. 2 - A monotomic ion has a charge of +3. The nucleus of...Ch. 2 - A small crystal of CaCl2 that weighs 0.12 g...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.140QP Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.141QP Ch. 2 - The IO3, anion is called iodate. There are three...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.143QP Ch. 2 - From the following written description, write the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.145QP Ch. 2 - Name the following compounds: a HCl(g) b HBr(aq) c...Ch. 2 - During nuclear decay a 238U atom can break apart...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.148QP Ch. 2 - There are 2.619 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of sodium....Ch. 2 - There are 1.699 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of...Ch. 2 - A sample of green crystals of nickel(II) sulfate...Ch. 2 - Cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate has pink-colored...Ch. 2 - A sample of metallic element X, weighing 3.177 g,...Ch. 2 - A sample of metallic element X, weighing 4.315 g,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.156QP Ch. 2 - The element europium exists in nature as two...

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