Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780072848236
Author: Warren McCabe, Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriott
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies, The
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.11P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The height of the column of water for the given pressure and temperature is to be calculated.
Concept introduction: The pressure on the column of water is given as,
In the above formulae, the notations used are
The pressure varies from height to height but at the same height irrespective of geometry of the container, the pressure at 2 points are equal.
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A buffer solution is made by mixing 0.1 M acetic acid (HA) and 0.05 M sodium acetate (A⁻). The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. Due to an experimental error, the actual pH was not recorded, and we need to solve for the concentration of the conjugate base (A⁻) given that the desired pH should be 4.90. Use the Bisection Method to find the concentration of A.
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Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
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- 2. You have decided to use a vacuum purging technique to purge oxygen from a reactor vessel to reduce the concentration to 2.0% (mol). The reactor is 18 ft diameter and 40 ft tall. The temperature is 80°F. Assume that the vacuum purge goes from atmospheric pressure to 10.0 psia. How many purge cycles are required and how many total moles of nitrogen must be used? Assume the purge is done with pure nitrogen. 3. If the purging described in problem 2 takes place using nitrogen that has 1% (mol) oxygen in it, how many vacuum purge cycles are required? How many total moles of the inert gas must be used? 4. If the purging described in problem 2 is done by way of a "sweep-through" purge instead of a vacuum purge, for how long (in minutes) must the inert gas flow through the vessel if there is a 20 psig supply of pure nitrogen available at 150 CFM (ft³/min)? How much nitrogen must be used (lbm)?arrow_forward5. Look at Figure 7-14. Determine the voltage developed between the steel nozzle and the grounded vessel, and how much energy is stored in the nozzle. Explain the potential hazards for cases A and B from the following table: Case A Case B Hose length (ft) 75 75 Hose diameter (in) 2.0 2.0 Flow rate (gpm) 30 30 Liquid conductivity (mho/cm) 2x10-8 1x10-14 Dielectric constant 2.3 25 Density (g/cm³) 0.8 0.9 6. In Problem 5, case B, what would be the most effective way to reduce the potential hazards in this situation?arrow_forward2. You have decided to use a vacuum purging technique to purge oxygen from a reactor vessel to reduce the concentration to 2.0% (mol). The reactor is 18 ft diameter and 40 ft tall. The temperature is 80°F. Assume that the vacuum purge goes from atmospheric pressure to 10.0 psia. How many purge cycles are required and how many total moles of nitrogen must be used? Assume the purge is done with pure nitrogen.arrow_forward
- An 8-foot ion exchange bed needs to be backwashed with water to remove impurities. The particles have a density of 1.24 g/cm³ and an average size of 1.1 mm. Calculate: a. The minimum fluidization velocity using water at 30°C? b. The velocity required to expand the bed by 30%? Assumptions: The ion exchange bed particles are spherical (sphericity = 1.1), and the minimum fluidization porosity (ɛM) is 0.3. Notes: At 30°C, the viscosity (μ) of water is 0.797 cP, and the density (ρ) is 0.995 g/cm³.arrow_forwardfluidized bed reactor uses a solid catalyst with a particle diameter of 0.25 mm, a bulk density of 1.50 g/mL, and a sphericity of 0.90. Under packed bed conditions, the porosity is 0.35, and the bed height is 2 m. The gas enters from the bottom of the reactor at a temperature of 600°C, with a viscosity of 0.025 cP and a density of 0.22 lb/ft³. At minimum fluidization, the porosity reaches 0.45. Calculate: a. The minimum superficial velocity (VM) of the gas entering the fluidized column. b. The bed height if V = 2 VM c. The pressure drop under conditions where V =2.5 VMarrow_forwardA fluidized bed reactor uses a solid catalyst with a particle diameter of 0.25 mm, a bulk density of 1.50 g/mL, and a sphericity of 0.90. Under packed bed conditions, the porosity is 0.35, and the bed height is 2 m. The gas enters from the bottom of the reactor at a temperature of 600°C, with a viscosity of 0.025 cP and a density of 0.22 lb/ft³. At minimum fluidization, the porosity reaches 0.45. Calculate: a. The minimum superficial velocity (VM) of the gas entering the fluidized column. b. The bed height if V = 2 VM c. The pressure drop under conditions where V =2.5 VMarrow_forward
- Please answer 5.8arrow_forwardPlease answer 5.6arrow_forwardYou have been tasked with figuring out how to suppress changes in the supply flow rate to a reactorfor which it is desired to keep the inlet flow rate as constant as possible. You are considering designing a surgetank to place upstream of the reactor and then installing a pump on the line between that surge tank and thereactor. A surge tank is one with a weir inside it, which is a partial wall separating the tank volume into twoconnected sections allowing for flow under the weir between the two sections. The variable inlet mass flow,wi(t) flows into volume 1 and then flows due to hydrostatic pressure at a mass flow rate of w1(t) into volume 2.The weir causes a flow resistance, R1, such that w1 = (h1-h2)/R1. Fluid is then pumped out of volume 2 at thedesired constant mass flow rate of w2. Make a summary table of the three transfer functions written in standard form and their keyparameters (gains, time constants) in terms of the physical system parameters (A1, A2, , A, R…). Checkif/how…arrow_forward
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