Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 18E
Why did Ptolemy have to introduce multiple circles of motion for the planets instead of a single, simple circle to represent the planet’s motion around the Sun?
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If G = 6.674 ⨉ 10 −11m3/kg/s 2and M Earth= 5.972 ⨉ 10 24kg and the sidereal period of the Earth is 27.32 days, then, from Kepler’s third law in #4, what is the expected orbital distance of the Moon?
Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.
Which of the following was used by Aristotle to prove the shape of the Earth?Which of the following refers to the science of studying the outer space and other celestial objects?Which of the following refers to the sun-centered model of the universe?Which of the following refers to the earth-centered model of the universe?Which of the following Astronomer was sentenced to death by church because of his opposing views and theories about the center of the universe?Which of the following was proposed by Ptolemy to fix the anomalies inAristotelian model of the universe?Which of the following models of the universe where the celestial planets revolve around the sun while the sun revolves around the earth?Which of the following Astronomers observed that Mars does not move incircles?Which of the following refers to the term where other celestial bodies/objects moves around the earth in a spherical manner?Which of the following terms refer to the part Pythagorean universe where the Greek Gods…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 2 - From where on Earth could you observe all of the...Ch. 2 - Give four ways to demonstrate that Earth is...Ch. 2 - Explain, according to both geocentric and...Ch. 2 - In what ways did the work of Copernicus and...Ch. 2 - What were four of Galileo’s discoveries that were...Ch. 2 - Explain the origin of the magnitude designation...Ch. 2 - Ursa Minor contains the pole star, Polaris, and...Ch. 2 - How many degrees does the Sun move per day...Ch. 2 - How many degrees does the Moon move per day...Ch. 2 - Explain how the zodiacal constellations are...
Ch. 2 - The Sun was once thought to be a planet. Explain...Ch. 2 - Is the ecliptic the same thing as the celestial...Ch. 2 - What is an asterism? Can you name an example?Ch. 2 - Why did Pythagoras believe that Earth should be...Ch. 2 - How did Aristotle deduce that the Sun is farther...Ch. 2 - What are two ways in which Aristotle deduced that...Ch. 2 - How did Hipparchus discover the wobble of Earth’s...Ch. 2 - Why did Ptolemy have to introduce multiple circles...Ch. 2 - Why did Copernicus want to develop a completely...Ch. 2 - What two factors made it difficult, at first, for...Ch. 2 - What phases would Venus show if the geocentric...Ch. 2 - Describe a practical way to determine in which...Ch. 2 - What is a constellation as astronomers define it...Ch. 2 - Draw a picture that explains why Venus goes...Ch. 2 - Show with a simple diagram how the lower parts of...Ch. 2 - Parallaxes of stars were not observed by ancient...Ch. 2 - Why do you think so many people still believe in...Ch. 2 - Consider three cosmological perspectives-the...Ch. 2 - The north celestial pole appears at an altitude...Ch. 2 - What were two arguments or lines of evidence in...Ch. 2 - Although the Copernican system was largely correct...Ch. 2 - During a retrograde loop of Mars, would you expect...Ch. 2 - The Great Pyramid of Giza was constructed nearly...Ch. 2 - Explain why more stars are circumpolar for...Ch. 2 - What is the altitude of the north celestial pole...Ch. 2 - If you were to drive to some city south of your...Ch. 2 - Hipparchus could have warned us that the dates...Ch. 2 - Explain three lines of evidence that argue against...Ch. 2 - What did Galileo discover about the planet Jupiter...Ch. 2 - What did Galileo discover about Venus that cast...Ch. 2 - Suppose Eratosthenes had found that, in...Ch. 2 - Suppose Eratosthenes’ results for Earth’s...Ch. 2 - Suppose you are on a strange planet and observe,...
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- In Ptolemys model, which of the followingepicycle, equant, or deferenttravels in uniform circular motion as viewed from a particular point? Name and describe that point. Are these uniform circular motions at the same speeds and in the same directions?arrow_forwardDescribe in detail the motions of the planets according to Ptolemy.arrow_forwardWhy did Kepler need Tycho Brahe’s data to formulate his laws?arrow_forward
- Explain how Kepler was able to find a relationship (his third law) between the orbital periods and distances of the planets that did not depend on the masses of the planets or the Sun.arrow_forwardWhich of Keplers or Newtons laws best describes Aristotelean violent motions?arrow_forwardWhy did Copernicus want to develop a completely new system for predicting planetary positions? Provide two reasons.arrow_forward
- How did Hipparchus discover the wobble of Earth’s axis, known as precession?arrow_forwardThe geocentric model, in all of its complexity, survived scientific scrutiny for almost 1,400 years. However, in modern astronomy, scientists seek to explain the natural and physical world we live in as simply as possible. The complexity of Ptolemy's model was an indicator that his theory was inherently flawed. Why, then, was the geocentric model the leading theory for such a long time, even though the heliocentric model more simply explained the observed motions and brightness of the planets? Check all that apply. ☐ The geocentric model conformed to both the philosophical and religious doctrines of the time. ☐ The heliocentric model did not make noticeably better predictions than the geocentric model. From Earth, all heavenly bodies appeared to circle around a stationary Earth. The complexity of the geocentric model was appealing to most ancient astronomers. Ancient astronomers did not observe stellar parallax, which would have provided evidence in favor of the heliocentric model.arrow_forwardCopernicus's heliocentric model and Ptolemy's geocentric model were each developed to provide a description of the solar system. Both models had advantages that made each an acceptable explanation for motions in the solar system during their time. Sort each statement according to whether it is an advantage of the heliocentric model, the geocentric model, or both. Select the appropriate items to their respective bins. Heliocentric Rooted in widely accepted religious beliefs regarding Earth's place in the universe Explained planetary motions and brightness changes most simply Predicted planetary positions accurately over relatively short time periods Planetary orbits and motions based on Greek ideologies of perfect form and motion Geocentric Both geocentric and heliocentricarrow_forward
- On the evening of an autumnal equinox day Siddhant noticed that Mars was exactly along the north-south meridian in his sky at the exact moment when the sun was setting. In other words, the Sun and Mars subtended an angle of exactly 90° as measured from the Earth. If the orbital radius of Mars is 1.52 au, What will be the approximate rise time of the mars on the next autumnal equinox day?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is supported by Kepler's laws of planetary motion? Earth orbits the Sun at a constant speed, never speeding up or slowing down. Earth's orbit is a perfect circle, with the Sun located at the center of the circle. Earth orbits the Sun at a slightly faster speed every year. Earth has an elliptical orbit, with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.arrow_forwardSuppose, we recently discovered a new planet named Concordia. If for 15 degrees difference, the distance between Cansae City and and Cantabrigia City would have been 6050 stadia. According to Erasthosthenes' calculation, what would have been the circumference of Concordia? 5.45E5 stadia 2.45E5 stadia 4.45E5 stadia 1.45E5 stadia 3.45E5 stadiaarrow_forward
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