Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 30E
What were two arguments or lines of evidence in support of the geocentric model?
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discuss some of the cultural and philosophical implications related to the geocentric model
On the evening of an autumnal equinox day Siddhant noticed that Mars was
exactly along the north-south meridian in his sky at the exact moment when the sun was
setting. In other words, the Sun and Mars subtended an angle of exactly 90° as measured
from the Earth. If the orbital radius of Mars is 1.52 au, What will be the approximate rise
time of the mars on the next autumnal equinox day?
Copernicus's heliocentric model and Ptolemy's geocentric model were each developed to provide a description of the
solar system. Both models had advantages that made each an acceptable explanation for motions in the solar system
during their time.
Sort each statement according to whether it is an advantage of the heliocentric model, the geocentric model, or both.
Select the appropriate items to their respective bins.
Heliocentric
Rooted in widely accepted religious
beliefs regarding Earth's place in the
universe
Explained planetary motions and
brightness changes most simply
Predicted planetary positions
accurately over relatively short time
periods
Planetary orbits and motions based on
Greek ideologies of perfect form and
motion
Geocentric
Both geocentric and heliocentric
Chapter 2 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 2 - From where on Earth could you observe all of the...Ch. 2 - Give four ways to demonstrate that Earth is...Ch. 2 - Explain, according to both geocentric and...Ch. 2 - In what ways did the work of Copernicus and...Ch. 2 - What were four of Galileo’s discoveries that were...Ch. 2 - Explain the origin of the magnitude designation...Ch. 2 - Ursa Minor contains the pole star, Polaris, and...Ch. 2 - How many degrees does the Sun move per day...Ch. 2 - How many degrees does the Moon move per day...Ch. 2 - Explain how the zodiacal constellations are...
Ch. 2 - The Sun was once thought to be a planet. Explain...Ch. 2 - Is the ecliptic the same thing as the celestial...Ch. 2 - What is an asterism? Can you name an example?Ch. 2 - Why did Pythagoras believe that Earth should be...Ch. 2 - How did Aristotle deduce that the Sun is farther...Ch. 2 - What are two ways in which Aristotle deduced that...Ch. 2 - How did Hipparchus discover the wobble of Earth’s...Ch. 2 - Why did Ptolemy have to introduce multiple circles...Ch. 2 - Why did Copernicus want to develop a completely...Ch. 2 - What two factors made it difficult, at first, for...Ch. 2 - What phases would Venus show if the geocentric...Ch. 2 - Describe a practical way to determine in which...Ch. 2 - What is a constellation as astronomers define it...Ch. 2 - Draw a picture that explains why Venus goes...Ch. 2 - Show with a simple diagram how the lower parts of...Ch. 2 - Parallaxes of stars were not observed by ancient...Ch. 2 - Why do you think so many people still believe in...Ch. 2 - Consider three cosmological perspectives-the...Ch. 2 - The north celestial pole appears at an altitude...Ch. 2 - What were two arguments or lines of evidence in...Ch. 2 - Although the Copernican system was largely correct...Ch. 2 - During a retrograde loop of Mars, would you expect...Ch. 2 - The Great Pyramid of Giza was constructed nearly...Ch. 2 - Explain why more stars are circumpolar for...Ch. 2 - What is the altitude of the north celestial pole...Ch. 2 - If you were to drive to some city south of your...Ch. 2 - Hipparchus could have warned us that the dates...Ch. 2 - Explain three lines of evidence that argue against...Ch. 2 - What did Galileo discover about the planet Jupiter...Ch. 2 - What did Galileo discover about Venus that cast...Ch. 2 - Suppose Eratosthenes had found that, in...Ch. 2 - Suppose Eratosthenes’ results for Earth’s...Ch. 2 - Suppose you are on a strange planet and observe,...
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- What is P for Earth? What is a for Earth? Do these values support or disprove Keplers third law?arrow_forwardWhy did Pythagoras believe that Earth should be spherical?arrow_forwardMust engineers take Earth’s rotation into account when constructing very tall buildings at any location other than the equator or very near the poles?arrow_forward
- If the geocentric latitude of a point in the spheroid is 45degrees. Determine the geodetic latitude of the given point if the first eccentricity is e=0.866603.arrow_forwardWhat is kepler's First Law?arrow_forwardThe geocentric model, in all of its complexity, survived scientific scrutiny for almost 1,400 years. However, in modern astronomy, scientists seek to explain the natural and physical world we live in as simply as possible. The complexity of Ptolemy's model was an indicator that his theory was inherently flawed. Why, then, was the geocentric model the leading theory for such a long time, even though the heliocentric model more simply explained the observed motions and brightness of the planets? Check all that apply. ☐ The geocentric model conformed to both the philosophical and religious doctrines of the time. ☐ The heliocentric model did not make noticeably better predictions than the geocentric model. From Earth, all heavenly bodies appeared to circle around a stationary Earth. The complexity of the geocentric model was appealing to most ancient astronomers. Ancient astronomers did not observe stellar parallax, which would have provided evidence in favor of the heliocentric model.arrow_forward
- After reading the material, explain (250-300 words) the similarities and differences between the geocentric and the heliocentric model and discuss how new observation (e.g. those made by Galileo) can lead to changes in the way we view natural phenomena.arrow_forwardIf G = 6.674 ⨉ 10 −11m3/kg/s 2and M Earth= 5.972 ⨉ 10 24kg and the sidereal period of the Earth is 27.32 days, then, from Kepler’s third law in #4, what is the expected orbital distance of the Moon?arrow_forwardKepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion. Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU. Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.arrow_forward
- Suppose a planet sweeps out an area, call it A, in one day. In terms of A, Kepler's second law tells us it would sweep out how large an area in five days?arrow_forwardSort the characteristics according to whether they are part of the a cocentric model, the heliocentric madel, or both solar system models This model is Sun-centered. Retrograde motion is explained by the orbital speeds of planets. Epicycles and deferents help explain planetary motion. This model is Earth-centered. The brightness of a planet increases when the planet is closest to Earth. Planets move in circular orbits and with uniform motion. Retrograde motion is explained by epicycles. Geocentric Heliocentric Both geocentric and heliocentricarrow_forwardThe average distance between Mars and the Sun is 1.52 AU. What is the orbital period of Mars? Provide you answer in time units of years.arrow_forward
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