Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 125GQ
Saccharin, a molecular model of which is shown below, is more than 300 times sweeter than sugar. It was first made in 1807, when it was common practice for chemists to record the taste of any new substances they synthesized.
(a) Write the molecular formula for the compound, and draw its structural formula. (S atoms are yellow.)
(b) If you ingest 125 mg of saccharin, what amount (moles) of saccharin have you ingested?
(c) What mass of sulfur is contained in 125 mg of saccharin?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Capsaicin, the compound that gives the hot taste to chili peppers, has the formula C18H27NO3.(a) Calculate its molar mass.(b) If you eat 55 mg of capsaicin, what amount (moles) have you consumed?(c) Calculate the mass percent of each element in the compound.(d) What mass of carbon (in milligrams) is there in 55 mg of capsaicin?
The compound 2,3−dimercaptopropanol (HSCH2CHSHCH2OH), commonly known as British anti-Lewisite (BAL), was developed during World War I as an antidote to arsenic-containing poison gas. (a) If each BAL molecule binds one arsenic (As) atom, how many As atoms can be removed by 3.6 g of BAL? Enter your answer in scientific notation. (b) BAL can also be used to remove poisonous heavy metals like mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). If each BAL binds one Hg atom, calculate the mass percent of Hg in a BAL-Hg complex. (An H atom is removed when a BAL molecule binds an Hg atom.)mass %
Answer the following questions about acetylsalicylic cid, the active ingredient in aspirin.
(a) The amount of acetylsalicylic acid in a single aspirin tablet is 325 mg, yet the tablet has a mass of 2.00g. Calculate the mass percent of acetylsalicylic acid in the tablet.
(b) The elements contained in acetylsalicylic acid are hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The combustion of 3.000g of the pure compound yields 1.200 g of water and 3.72 L of dry carbon dioxide, measured at 750 mm Hg and 25 degrees Celsius. Calculate the mass, in g, of each element in the 3.000g sample.
(c) A student dissolved 1.625 g of pure acetylsalicylic acid in distilled water and titrated the resulting solution to the equivalence point using 88.43 mL of 0.102 M NaOH(aq). Assuming that acetylsalicylic acid has only one ionizable hydrogen, calculate the molar mass of the acid.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 2.2 - 1. What is the mass of an iron atom with 30...Ch. 2.2 - 1. The mass of an atom of manganese is 54.9380 u....Ch. 2.2 - An atom contains 12 neutrons and has a mass number...Ch. 2.3 - 1. Silver has two isotopes, one with 60 neutrons...Ch. 2.3 - 2. A naturally occurring sample of argon contains...Ch. 2.4 - Verify that the atomic weight of chlorine is...Ch. 2.4 - Neon has three stable isotopes, one with a small...Ch. 2.4 - 1. Which is the more abundant isotope of copper,...Ch. 2.4 - 2. Which of the following is closest to the...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 3RC
Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 1QCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2QCh. 2.5 - Which of the following elements is a metalloid?...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3RCCh. 2.5 - Prob. 4RCCh. 2.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 2.7 - Give the number and identity of the constituent...Ch. 2.7 - (a) Write the formulas of all neutral ionic...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2RCCh. 2.7 - Prob. 3RCCh. 2.7 - The formula of barium acetate is (a) Ba(CH3CO2)2...Ch. 2.7 - 5. The name of the compound with the formula V2O3...Ch. 2.7 - Which should have the higher melting point, MgO or...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 1RCCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2RCCh. 2.8 - Prob. 3RCCh. 2.8 - Prob. 4RCCh. 2.9 - The density of gold, Au, is 19.32 g/cm3. What is...Ch. 2.9 - If you have 454 g of citric acid (H3C6H5O7), what...Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 1RCCh. 2.9 - Which of the following contains the largest number...Ch. 2.9 - Which of the following has the largest mass? (a)...Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 4RCCh. 2.9 - Prob. 5RCCh. 2.10 - 1. Express the composition of ammonium carbonate,...Ch. 2.10 - 1. What is the empirical formula of naphthalene,...Ch. 2.10 - Gallium oxide, GaxOy forms when gallium is combine...Ch. 2.10 - Hydrated nickel(II) chloride is a beautiful green,...Ch. 2.10 - Prob. 1QCh. 2.10 - Salvarsan was long thought to be a single...Ch. 2.10 - To determine the density of atmospheric nitrogen....Ch. 2.10 - The density of a mixture of gases may be...Ch. 2.10 - Atmospheric argon is a mixture of three stable...Ch. 2.10 - Given that the density of argon is 1.78 g/L under...Ch. 2.10 - 1. Which of the following hydrocarbons has the...Ch. 2.10 - 2. An organic compound has an empirical formula...Ch. 2.10 - Eugenol is the major component in oil of cloves....Ch. 2.10 - 4. Epsom salt is MgSO4 · 7H2O. When heated to 70...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PSCh. 2 - Define mass number. What is the difference between...Ch. 2 - An atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by an...Ch. 2 - A gold atom has a radius of 145 pm. If you could...Ch. 2 - Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic...Ch. 2 - Give the complete symbol(ZAX), including atomic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7PSCh. 2 - Atomic structure. (a) The synthetic radioactive...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9PSCh. 2 - In 1886 Eugene Goldstein observed positively...Ch. 2 - Marie Curie was born in Poland but studied and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12PSCh. 2 - The mass of an 16 O atom is 15.995 u. What is its...Ch. 2 - What is the mass of one 16O atom, in grams? (The...Ch. 2 - Cobalt has three radioactive isotopes used in...Ch. 2 - Naturally occurring silver exists as two isotopes...Ch. 2 - Name and describe the composition of the three...Ch. 2 - Which of the following are isotopes of element X,...Ch. 2 - Thallium has two stable isotopes, 203TIand 205Tl....Ch. 2 - Strontium has four stable isotopes. Strontium-84...Ch. 2 - Verify that the atomic weight of lithium is 6.94,...Ch. 2 - Verify that the atomic weight of magnesium is...Ch. 2 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 69Ga...Ch. 2 - Europium has two stable isotopes, 151Eu and 153Eu,...Ch. 2 - Titanium and thallium have symbols that are easily...Ch. 2 - In Groups 4A-6A, there are several elements whose...Ch. 2 - How many periods of the periodic table have 8...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28PSCh. 2 - Prob. 29PSCh. 2 - Prob. 30PSCh. 2 - Classify the following elements as metals,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32PSCh. 2 - Prob. 33PSCh. 2 - Prob. 34PSCh. 2 - What is the charge on the common monatomic ions of...Ch. 2 - What is the charge on the common monatomic ions of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 37PSCh. 2 - Prob. 38PSCh. 2 - When a potassium atom becomes a monatomic ion, how...Ch. 2 - When oxygen and sulfur atoms become monatomic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 41PSCh. 2 - Prob. 42PSCh. 2 - Give the formula and the number of each ion that...Ch. 2 - Give the formula and the number of each ion that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 45PSCh. 2 - Prob. 46PSCh. 2 - Prob. 47PSCh. 2 - Prob. 48PSCh. 2 - Prob. 49PSCh. 2 - Prob. 50PSCh. 2 - Prob. 51PSCh. 2 - Prob. 52PSCh. 2 - Write the formulas for the four ionic compounds...Ch. 2 - Write the formulas for the four ionic compounds...Ch. 2 - Sodium ions, Na+, form ionic compounds with...Ch. 2 - Consider the two ionic compounds NaCl and CaO. In...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57PSCh. 2 - Name each of the following binary, nonionic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59PSCh. 2 - Prob. 60PSCh. 2 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of each the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass, in grams, of each the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the amount (moles) represented by each...Ch. 2 - Calculate the amount (moles) represented by each...Ch. 2 - You are given 1.0-g samples of He, Fe, Li, Si, and...Ch. 2 - You are given 0.10-g samples of K, Mo, Cr, and Al....Ch. 2 - Analysis of a 10.0-g sample of apatite (a major...Ch. 2 - A semiconducting material is composed of 52 g of...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Calculate the molar mass of each hydrated...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72PSCh. 2 - What mass is represented by 0.0255 mol of each of...Ch. 2 - Assume you have 0.123 mol of each of the following...Ch. 2 - Sulfur trioxide, SO3, is made industrially in...Ch. 2 - How many ammonium ions and how many sulfate ions...Ch. 2 - Acetaminophen, whose structure is drawn below, is...Ch. 2 - An Alka-Seltzer tablet contains 324 mg of aspirin...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of each element in the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of each element in the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of copper in CuS,...Ch. 2 - Calculate the mass percent of titanium in the...Ch. 2 - Succinic acid occurs in fungi and lichens. Its...Ch. 2 - An organic compound has the empirical formula...Ch. 2 - Prob. 85PSCh. 2 - Complete the following table:Ch. 2 - Acetylene is a colorless gas used as a fuel in...Ch. 2 - A large family of boron-hydrogen compounds has the...Ch. 2 - Cumene, a hydrocarbon, is a compound composed only...Ch. 2 - In 2006, a Russian team discovered an interesting...Ch. 2 - Mandelic acid is an organic acid composed of...Ch. 2 - Nicotine, a poisonous compound found in tobacco...Ch. 2 - A compound containing xenon and fluorine was...Ch. 2 - Elemental sulfur (1.256 g) is combined with...Ch. 2 - Epsom salt is used in tanning leather and in...Ch. 2 - You combine 1.25 g of germanium, Ge, with excess...Ch. 2 - Fill in the blanks in the table (one column per...Ch. 2 - Potassium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 2 - Crossword Puzzle: In the 2 2 box shown here, each...Ch. 2 - The following chart shows a general decline in...Ch. 2 - Copper atoms. (a) What is the average mass of one...Ch. 2 - Prob. 102GQCh. 2 - Prob. 103GQCh. 2 - Identify two nonmetallic elements that have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 105GQCh. 2 - Prob. 106GQCh. 2 - Prob. 107GQCh. 2 - When a sample of phosphorus burns in air, the...Ch. 2 - Although carbon-12 is now used as the standard for...Ch. 2 - A reagent occasionally used in chemical synthesis...Ch. 2 - Prob. 111GQCh. 2 - Prob. 112GQCh. 2 - Which of the following compounds has the highest...Ch. 2 - Which of the following samples has the largest...Ch. 2 - The structure of one of the bases in DNA, adenine,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 116GQCh. 2 - A drop of water has a volume of about 0.050 mL....Ch. 2 - Capsaicin, the compound that gives the hot taste...Ch. 2 - Prob. 119GQCh. 2 - Write the molecular formula and calculate the...Ch. 2 - Malic acid, an organic acid found in apples,...Ch. 2 - Your doctor has diagnosed you as being anemicthat...Ch. 2 - A compound composed of iron and carbon monoxide,...Ch. 2 - Ma huang, an extract from the ephedra species of...Ch. 2 - Saccharin, a molecular model of which is shown...Ch. 2 - Prob. 126GQCh. 2 - Write the formula for each of the following pounds...Ch. 2 - Complete the table by placing symbols, formulas,...Ch. 2 - Empirical and molecular formulas. (a)...Ch. 2 - Cacodyl, a compound containing arsenic, was...Ch. 2 - The action of bacteria on meat and fish produces a...Ch. 2 - In the laboratory you combine 0.125 g of nickel...Ch. 2 - A compound called MMT was once used to boost the...Ch. 2 - Elemental phosphorus is made by heating calcium...Ch. 2 - Chromium is obtained by heating chromium(III)...Ch. 2 - Stibnite, Sb2S3, is a dark gray mineral from which...Ch. 2 - Direct reaction of iodine (I2) and chlorine (Cl2)...Ch. 2 - In a reaction, 2.04 g of vanadium combined with...Ch. 2 - Iron pyrite, often called fools gold, has the...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements about 57.1 g of...Ch. 2 - The formula of barium molybdate is BaMoO4. Which...Ch. 2 - A metal M forms a compound with the formula MCl4....Ch. 2 - Pepto-Bismol, which can help provide relief for an...Ch. 2 - The weight percent of oxygen in an oxide that has...Ch. 2 - The mass of 2.50 mol of a compound with the...Ch. 2 - The elements A and Z combine to produce two...Ch. 2 - Polystyrene can be prepared by heating styrene...Ch. 2 - A sample of hemoglobin is found to be 0.335% iron....Ch. 2 - Consider an atom of 64Zn. (a) Calculate the...Ch. 2 - Estimating the radius of a lead atom. (a) You are...Ch. 2 - A piece of nickel foil, 0.550 mm thick and 1.25 cm...Ch. 2 - Uranium is used as a fuel, primarily in the form...Ch. 2 - In an experiment, you need 0.125 mol of sodium...Ch. 2 - Mass spectrometric analysis showed that there are...Ch. 2 - The mass spectrum of CH3Cl is illustrated here....Ch. 2 - Prob. 156GQCh. 2 - If Epsom salt, MgSO4 x H2O, is heated to 250 C,...Ch. 2 - The alum used in cooking is potassium aluminum...Ch. 2 - Tin metal (Sn) and purple iodine (I2) combine to...Ch. 2 - When analyzed, an unknown compound gave these...Ch. 2 - Two general chemistry students working together in...Ch. 2 - To find the empirical formula of tin oxide, you...Ch. 2 - Prob. 163SCQCh. 2 - Prob. 164SCQCh. 2 - The photo here depicts what happens when a coil of...Ch. 2 - A jar contains some number of jelly beans. To find...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 4-102 Aspartame, an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages, has the molecular formula C14H18N2O5. (a) How many mg of aspartame are present in 3.72 × 1026 molecules of aspartame? (b) Imagine you obtain 25.0 mL of aspartame, which is known to have a density of 1.35 g/mL. How many molecules of aspartame are present in this volume? (c) How many hydrogen atoms are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame? (d) Complete the skeletal structure of aspartame, where all the bonded atoms are shown but double bonds, triple bonds, and/or lone pairs are missing. (e) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (f) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (g) What is the most polar bond in aspartame? (h) Would you predict aspartame to be polar or nonpolar? (i) Is aspartame expected to possess resonance? Explain why or why not. (j) Consider the combustion of aspartame, which results in formation of NO2(g) as well as other expected products. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (k) Calculate the weight of C02(g) that can be prepared from 1.62 g of aspartame mixed with 2.11 g of oxygen gas.arrow_forwardChlorine exists mainly as two isotopes, 37Cl and 33Cl. Which is more abundant? How do you know?arrow_forwardThe present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.arrow_forward
- hat do the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell us about the proportions in which atoms and molecules react on an individual (microscopic) basis?arrow_forward3. The radius of an atom of gold (Au) is about 1.35 A°. (a) Express this distance in nanometers (nm) and in picometers (pm). (b) How many gold atoms would have to be lined up to span 1.0 mm? (c) If the atom is assumed to be a sphere, what is the volume in cm3 of a single Au atom? (Note: unit A is angstrom).arrow_forwardA tube of toothpaste contains 0.76 g of sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) in 100 mL.(a) What mass of fluorine atoms in mg was present?(b) How many fluorine atoms were present?arrow_forward
- (a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a nickel atom is 125 pm. What is this value in meters and in centimeters? cm -23 (b) The mass of a single nickel atom is 9.75×10 g. Suppose enough Ni atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 31.3 cm (12 inches). How many atoms would be required? atoms What mass in grams of Ni would be used? Could you weigh out this amount of nickel using a typical laboratory balance? (c) Taking the density of nickel metal to be 8.91 g/cm, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of Ni wire with the same length as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is n times its radius squared times its height. (V = nr h) How many nickel atoms does this represent? atomsarrow_forwardYour doctor has diagnosed you as being anemic—that is, as having too little iron in your blood. At the drugstore, you find two iron-containing dietary supplements: one with iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4, and the other with iron(II) gluconate, Fe(C6H11O7)2. If you take 100. mg of each compound, which will deliver more atoms of iron? (a) What are the molecular weights of the two compounds? (b) How many moles of each compound are contained in 100. mg? (c) How many moles of Fe are in one mole of the compound? (d) If you take 100. mg of each compound, which will deliver more atoms of iron?arrow_forwardBe sure to answer all parts. TCDD, also called dioxin (C H,Cl,O2, molar mass 322.0 g/mol), is a potent poison. The average lethal dose in humans is estimated to be 3.0 x 10- mg per kg of body weight. (a) How many grams constitute a lethal dose for a 91-kg individual? (b) How many molecules of TCDD does this correspond to? (a) X 10 g dioxin (b) x 10 moleculesarrow_forward
- Obtain an estimate for the number of atoms in the universe. Make the following assumptions: (a) All of the atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms in stars. (This is not a ridiculous assumption because over threefourths of the atoms in the universe are in fact hydrogen. Gas and dust between the stars represent only about 15% of the visible matter of our galaxy, and planets compose a far smaller fraction.) (b) The sun is a typical star composed of pure hydrogen with a density of 1.4 g/cm^3 and a radius of 7x10^8 m. (c) Each of the roughly 100 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy contains the same number of atoms as our sun. (d) Each of the 10 billion galaxies in the visible universe contains the same number of atoms as our Milky Way galaxy.arrow_forwardWhich compound of calcium is used for swimming pool water and sewage treatment? (A) Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (B) Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2 (C) Calcium carbonate, CaCO3 (D) Calcium oxide, CaOarrow_forward1. Provide the chemical formula (including brackets where appropriate) or systematic name for the following compounds. (a) gold(I) hypoiodite (b) HI(aq): (f) Ca(ClO4)2·4H2O: 2. What mass (in g) of chlorine atoms are there in a sample that consists of 5e+23 molecules of molecular chlorine? INSTRUCTIONS: Report your answer to 3 significant figures in scientific notation unless stated otherwise. DO NOT include the units in your answer.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dggHWvFJ8Xs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY