Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 11SAQ
Describe the mechanism of enzyme action.
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The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
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Mutation 1
Mutation 2
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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon:
a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a
kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is
activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media.
Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon.
Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator
You also have these genetic components in other strains:
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - What form of energy is found in the food we eat?Ch. 2.1 - What form of energy is used to transmit messages...Ch. 2.1 - What type of energy is available when we are...Ch. 2.2 - What two elements besides H and N make up the bulk...Ch. 2.2 - An element has a mass of 207 and has 125 neutrons...Ch. 2.2 - How do the terms atomic mass and atomic weight...Ch. 2.3 - What is the meaning of the term molecule?Ch. 2.3 - Why is sodium chloride (NaCl) considered a...Ch. 2.3 - Blood contains a liquid component and living...Ch. 2.4 - What kinds of bonds form between water molecules?
Ch. 2.4 - Oxygen (8O) and argon (18A) are both gases. Oxygen...Ch. 2.4 - Assume imaginary compound XY has a polar covalent...Ch. 2.5 - Which reaction type-synthesis, decomposition, or...Ch. 2.5 - Why are many reactions that occur in living...Ch. 2.5 - What specific name is given to decomposition...Ch. 2.6 - Salts are electrolytes. What does that mean?Ch. 2.6 - Which ion is responsible for increased acidity?Ch. 2.6 - To minimize the sharp pH shift that occurs when a...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 2.7 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 2.8 - What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?...Ch. 2.8 - What is the animal form of stored carbohydrate...Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 23CYUCh. 2.10 - What does the name amino acid tell you about the...Ch. 2.10 - What is the primary structure of proteins?Ch. 2.10 - What are the two types of secondary structure in...Ch. 2.10 - How do enzymes reduce the amount of activation...Ch. 2.11 - How do DNA and RNA differ in the bases and sugars...Ch. 2.11 - What are two important roles of DNA?Ch. 2.12 - Glucose is an energy-rich molecule. So why do body...Ch. 2.12 - What change occurs in ATP when it releases energy?Ch. 2 - Which of the following forms of energy is the...Ch. 2 - All of the following are examples of the four...Ch. 2 - The mass number of an atom is (a) equal to the...Ch. 2 - A deficiency in this element can be expected to...Ch. 2 - Which set of terms best describes a proton? (a)...Ch. 2 - The subatomic particles responsible for the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7MCCh. 2 - Which of the following does not describe a...Ch. 2 - In a beaker of water, the water-water bonds can...Ch. 2 - When a pair of electrons is shared between two...Ch. 2 - Molecules formed when electrons are shared...Ch. 2 - Which of the following covalently bonded molecules...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13MCCh. 2 - Factors that accelerate the rate of chemical...Ch. 2 - Prob. 15MCCh. 2 - Waters importance to living systems reflects (a)...Ch. 2 - Acids (a) release hydroxyl ions when dissolved in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18MCCh. 2 - Prob. 19MCCh. 2 - A chemical has an amine group and an organic acid...Ch. 2 - Prob. 21MCCh. 2 - Enzymes are organic catalysts that (a) alter the...Ch. 2 - Define or describe energy, and explain the...Ch. 2 - Some energy is lost in energy energy conversion....Ch. 2 - Provide the atomic symbol for each of the...Ch. 2 - Consider the following information about three...Ch. 2 - How many moles of aspirin, C9H8O4, are in a bottle...Ch. 2 - Given the following types of atoms, decide which...Ch. 2 - What are hydrogen bonds and how are they important...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 2 - Differentiate clearly between primary, secondary,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 2 - Describe the mechanism of enzyme action.Ch. 2 - Explain why, if you pour water into a glass very...
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- You have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forward
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- In this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substancearrow_forwardNeurons and Reflexes 1. Describe the function of the: a) dendrite b) axon c) cell body d) myelin sheath e) nodes of Ranvier f) Schwann cells g) motor neuron, interneuron and sensory neuron 2. List some simple reflexes. Explain why babies are born with simple reflexes. What are they and why are they necessary. 3. Explain why you only feel pain after a few seconds when you touch something very hot but you have already pulled your hand away. 4. What part of the brain receives sensory information? What part of the brain directs you to move your hand away? 5. In your own words describe how the axon fires.arrow_forwardMutations Here is your template DNA strand: CTT TTA TAG TAG ATA CCA CAA AGG 1. Write out the complementary mRNA that matches the DNA above. 2. Write the anticodons and the amino acid sequence. 3. Change the nucleotide in position #15 to C. 4. What type of mutation is this? 5. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 6. How has this change affected the amino acid sequence? 7. Now remove nucleotides 13 through 15. 8. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 9. What type of mutation is this? 0. Do all mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence? 1. Are all mutations considered bad? 2. The above sequence codes for a genetic disorder called cystic fibrosis (CF). 3. When A is changed to G in position #15, the person does not have CF. When T is changed to C in position #14, the person has the disorder. How could this have originated?arrow_forward
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