Chapter 2, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(a) By using only the valence orbitals of the oxygen atoms an MO diagram for the formation of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ is to be construct. (b) By using the diagram, the following trend in $\text{O}-\text{O}$ bond distances: ${\text{O}}_2\text{,121}\text{pm}$; ${\left[{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right]}^{+},\text{112}\text{pm}$; ${\left[{\text{O}}_2\right]}^{-},\text{134}\text{pm}$; ${\left[{\text{O}}_2\right]}^{2-},\text{149}\text{pm}$ is to be rationalized. (c) Out of these paramagnetic species is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic number (Z) = number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom of the element = number of electrons present in a neutral atom of the element

A chemical bond is a force of attraction which holds two atoms together.

MO theory uses linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) method to show resulting molecular orbitals.

In MO theory first construct the orbital interaction diagram and then put in the electrons according to the aufbau principle.

$\text{Bond order}=\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\left[\text{(no}\text{of}\text{bonding}\text{electrons)-(number}\text{of}\text{antibonding}\text{electrons)}\right]$