Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2
pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.
Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally
Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2
Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.
Enzyme: The proteins that helps
Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.
Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.
Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2
pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.
Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.
Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2
Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.
Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.
Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.
Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.
Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EP ESSENTIAL ORG.CHEM.-MOD.MASTERING
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- In the electron transport chain, the hydrogen ions enter the inner compartment of mitochondria through special channels formed by A. ATP synthase. B. coenzyme A. C. acetyl CoA. D. oxygen.arrow_forwardWhat is metabolism and where is energy produced in cells?arrow_forwardIn which direction do protons move through ATP synthase? a. from the intermembrane space to the matrix of a mitochondrion b. from the matrix to the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion c. from the inner membrane to the outer membrane of a mitochondrion d. from the outer membrane to the inner membrane of a mitochondrionarrow_forward
- The metabolic pathway of the citric acid cycle is involved in: a. Catabolism of sugars b. Catabolism of fatty acids c. Catabolism of amino acids d. Anabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and glucose O e. All of the abovearrow_forwardBetween pyruvate and one complete CAC, how many CO2 molecules are produced? A. 6 molecules of CO2 B. 5 molecules of CO2 C. 4 molecules of CO2 D. 3 molecules of CO2 E. 2 molecules of CO2arrow_forwardDuring exercise, oxygen is used up rapidly which slows down the rate of the common catabolic pathway. which causes Excess pyruvate ends up as painful muscle contrations. A. Acetaldehyde B. Ethanol C. Lactate D. Acetyl COAarrow_forward
- Animals cannot convert fatty acids into glucose because * A.acetyl CoA can not be converted to pyruvate B. absence of malate synthase C. absence of dehydrogenase D. absence of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenasearrow_forwardHow many ATP molecules (not including GTP. molecules) does a liver cell spend to make one glucose molecule from two pyruvate molecules? 10 2 1 4arrow_forwardMetabolism equal the summation of catabolism and anabolism. * O True O Falsearrow_forward
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