CUSTOM PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781266032844
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 4CC
Summary Introduction
A phylogenetic tree is the diagrammatic representation of evolutionary relationships among organisms. The structure of the phylogenetic tree is comparable with the tree which has many branches. The root of the phylogenetic tree is the common ancestor and branches are related genus and species. The most common ancestor lies at each branching point.
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The genome relatedness of different organisms can be shown with a phylogenetic tree constructed based on DNA sequence.
(1) Why DNA sequences could be used to deduce genome relationship?
(2) What else may be used to suggest the relatedness of different genomes?
List three reasons why rRNA genes are suitable for phylogeneticanalyses.
Compare genome size, gene number, and gene density (a) in the threedomains and (b) among eukaryotes.
Chapter 19 Solutions
CUSTOM PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
Ch. 19.1 - What is a natural classification? What microbial...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.1 - Consider the finding that bacteria capable of...Ch. 19.2 - What is the difference between a microbial species...Ch. 19.2 - Why is it important to have a type strain for each...Ch. 19.2 - The genus Salmonella was once thought to contain...Ch. 19.3 - What are the advantages of using each major group...Ch. 19.3 - Why is rRNA so suitable for determining...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Could a phylotype be considered an OTU? What about...
Ch. 19.4 - List the differences between distance-based and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence...Ch. 19.4 - Is HGT involved in movement of genes in the core...Ch. 19.5 - On what evidence is this hypothesis based?Ch. 19.5 - Construct a scenario in which each of the...Ch. 19.5 - Define ecotype. Do you think it is necessary to...Ch. 19.5 - What is the difference between the core genome and...Ch. 19.5 - Of the following genes, which do you think are...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.6 - Describe two different situations in which it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19 - Prob. 3RCCh. 19 - Prob. 4RCCh. 19 - Prob. 5RCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCh. 19 - Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA...Ch. 19 - You have recently established a pure culture of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3ALCh. 19 - Prob. 4ALCh. 19 - Prob. 5ALCh. 19 - Prob. 6ALCh. 19 - Prob. 7AL
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- Let's say that you're a scientist trying to analyze newly sequenced bacterial DNA genomes from an environmental sample of rainforest soil, and your first task is to organize all of the genomes you find into a phylogenetic tree. If you couldn't use the 16S rRNA gene sequence to create the tree, which of these alternative genes would work best for your task of creating a tree that works for all the bacteria in your sample? The gene for Bacteriochlorophyll A A gene for an RNA polymerase component protein The first gene in the histidine biosynthesis pathway The first gene in the LPS synthesis pathwayarrow_forwardWith two specific examples, explain why phylogenetics is a useful scientific tool for studying Organismal biology?arrow_forwardExplain how the different “-omics” involved with the three major parts of the central dogma can be used to study this new species. What are molecular techniques/tools (sequencers) that can be used to study each of these? How would you sequence the genome efficiently (i.e., lowest amount of time and money)?arrow_forward
- You want to make a phylogenetic tree of a group of three related species of lizards that live on an island. Their genome sequences are highly similar except for a gene that controls body size. In that region of the genome, one of the lizard species has one copy of the growth control gene (L1), the second species has a duplication of the growth control gene (L2) and the third species has three copies of the same gene (L3). The lizard species show an increase in size depending on how many copies of the growth control gene they have (L1 is smallest, L2 is medium-sized and L3 is largest). Is this enough information to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species, and predict which of the species arrived on the island first (and is the ancestral species)? Yes, because the ancestral lizard genome probably had a single copy of the growth control gene and after arriving on the island it was duplicated, resulting in species L2, and then another duplication occurred resulting in…arrow_forwardHow does the cladogram differ from a dichotomous key for these organisms?arrow_forwardDraw phylogenetic tree of the given newick format :((A,B,(C,D)),(E,F))arrow_forward
- Explain how the number of amino acid differences between homologous proteins can be used to construct a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion In thinking about the clinical application of phylogenetics, discuss the role of phylogenetics in these areas. a) Predictions of drug resistance b) Identifying the origin of an outbreak c)Predicting the spread of a diseasearrow_forwardWithin the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forward
- The phylogenetic tree of the OCTN homologs below was generated with the following accession numbers as basis: NP_957143.1 - OCTN of unknown function CDM63451.1 - OCTN specific for ergothioneine transport XP_021324939.1 - OCTN specific for carnitine transport Design the phylogenetic tree to make it look more interesting by highlighting the distinct clades or putting a visual emphasis on the gene you are trying to analyze. Provide a caption for this figure.arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree of the OCTN homologs below was generated with the following accession numbers as basis: NP_957143.1 - OCTN of unknown function CDM63451.1 - OCTN specific for ergothioneine transport XP_021324939.1 - OCTN specific for carnitine transport Design the phylogenetic tree to make it look more interesting by highlighting the distinct clades or putting a visual emphasis on the gene you are trying to analyze. Provide a caption for this figure. asap please.arrow_forwardselect the correct options: A) For organisms that diverged >74 mya, ignore 3rd base positions within codons because they will offer little phylogenetic information for organisms. B) use different parts ofthe genome to estimate different parts of a phylogeny C) Use only 1st base positions within codons because they increase rapidly at first, then level off as result of single subsitituions at the same sites D) Use slowly evolvong sites in the squecne, such as 2nd base positions within codonsfor analyzing the oldest relationships among organisms.arrow_forward
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